Investigating the Cultural Ecosystem Services of Urban Water Bodies and their use in Environmental and Land Use Planning

淡水水体，如河流、湖泊和运河，是地球上生物多样性最丰富的栖息地之一，是人类住区的重要组成部分(Dudjo等人，2006年)，对人类具有重要意义，可提供精神和灵感价值、娱乐机会、有利的美学和教育机会(千禧年生态系统评估，2005年)。然而，它们的价值往往被忽视，因为城市化和土地利用的变化对它们提供的服务构成了重大威胁(Everard和Moggridge)。该博士项目将与环境署合作，调查人们从城市蓝色空间获得的非物质利益，如健康和福祉，并确定如何将这些信息用于环境和土地使用规划。这将支持英国淡水管理政策框架的实施。城镇中的自然环境已被证明对健康不平等、心理健康、娱乐和生活满意度有积极影响。因此，考虑到这一点，设计城镇可以帮助克服与城市化程度提高相关的不健康的生活方式和日益增加的慢性病(Dora&Phillips，2000；Passchier-Vermeer&Passchier，2000；WHO，2009)，同时保护环境和促进可持续发展。迄今为止，大多数关于自然环境的健康益处的调查通常没有区分蓝色和绿色空间(Völker&Kistemann，2011)。因此，需要更多的研究来了解城市蓝色空间如何有助于健康和福祉，以便可持续地管理这些资源。文化生态系统服务(CES)是“人们通过精神丰富、认知发展、反思、娱乐和审美体验从生态系统中获得的非物质利益”(MA，2005)。最近的工作提出了评估CES的框架和应用框架，侧重于环境空间和文化习俗的各个方面对福祉的三个方面的贡献；身份、体验和能力(Fish等人，2016a；Fish等人，2016b；Bryce等人，2016)。然而，这些只有3/13应用于指定区域，如国家公园、自然改善区和海洋保护区(Fishet al.，2016b；Bryce et al.，2016)，忽略了可能影响不断增加的城市人口福祉的城市地区和日常活动。本博士学位将调查人们访问和重视的城市蓝色空间的特征，与之相关的文化习俗，以及人们从城市水体中获得的身份和体验方面的好处。12项目说明：请在此处复制/粘贴/撰写拟议项目的完整描述，概述其目标、拟议方法、时间范围和在项目与外部合作伙伴之间以及与更广泛的受众之间的传播和知识交流计划。

Bodies of freshwater, such as rivers, lakes and canals, serveas defining features of human settlement, are amongst themost biodiverse habitats on earth (Dudgeon et al, 2006) andhave significant importance to people, providing spiritual andinspirational values, recreational opportunities, favourableaesthetics and educational opportunities (MillenniumEcosystem Assessment, 2005). However, their value hasoften been overlooked with urbanisation and changes in landuse posing a significant threat to the services they provide(Everard and Moggridge). This PhD project will work with theEnvironment Agency to investigate the non-material benefitshumans obtain from urban blue spaces, such as health andwellbeing and to identify how this information could be usedin environmental and land use planning. This will support thedelivery of England's policy framework for freshwatermanagement.Natural environments within towns and cities has beenshown to have positive effects on health inequalities, mentalhealth, recreation and life satisfaction. Therefore, designingtowns and cities with this in mind could help to overcome theunhealthy lifestyles and increased chronic diseases that areassociated with increased urbanisation (Dora & Phillips,2000; Passchier-Vermeer & Passchier, 2000; WHO, 2009),whilst at the same time protecting the environment andpromoting sustainability.To date most investigations of the health benefits of naturalenvironments have typically not differentiated between blueand green space (Völker & Kistemann, 2011). Therefore,more research is needed to understand how urban bluespace contributes to health and wellbeing in order for thesustainable management of these resources.Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are the "nonmaterialbenefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritualenrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation,and aesthetic experiences" (MA, 2005). Recent work hasproposed and applied frameworks to assess CES focusing onthe contribution that aspects of environmental spaces andcultural practices make to three aspects of wellbeing;identity, experiences and capabilities (Fish et al., 2016a; Fishet al., 2016b; Bryce et al., 2016). However, these have only3 / 13been applied in designated areas such as national parks,nature improvement areas and marine protected areas (Fishet al., 2016b; Bryce et al., 2016) which has overlooked urbanareas and everyday activities that have the potential toaffect the wellbeing of the increasing urban population. ThisPhD will investigate characteristics of urban blue space thatpeople visit and value, the cultural practices associated andthe benefits people obtain from urban water bodies in termsof identity and experiences. Working with the EnvironmentAgency it will then go on to review the CES framework,methods used to apply it and its use in environmental andland use planning.12 Project description: pleasecopy/paste/write a full description of theproposed project here, outlining its aims,proposed methodology, timescales andplans for dissemination and knowledgeexchange, both between the project andexternal partner and with wider audiences