Stereoacuity and Binocular Correspondence

描述(由申请人提供)：考虑到3D几何形状，立体视觉对于指定视觉场景的布局可能不如提供关于表面形状和结构的局部信息有用。这项研究的主要目的是探索立体定义的表面是如何编码的，以及它们在立体匹配和立体敏感度中的作用。第一个目标将研究编码表面边缘的机制和编码精细表面浮雕的机制之间的相互作用。第二个目标将研究深度弯曲的连续曲面的曲面编码。最近的研究表明，视差通常相对于局部参照系，即相邻表面进行编码，而不是相对于用于表示绝对视差的传统的以头部为中心或以眼睛为中心的坐标系进行编码。第三个目标将考察局部参照系在真实表面和物体的背景下的意义。这项建议中的实验将检验正常人类观察者的立体加工。约5%的人口患有眼球运动(斜视)或屈光参差(屈光参差)障碍，威胁到正常立体视的发展。虽然大多数人可以应对立体视觉的丧失，但双眼发育异常也经常与单眼视力下降(弱视)有关--这是一个更严重的问题。这些对正常观察者的研究将提供关于正常立体视觉的基本知识，这是理解双眼系统异常的先决条件。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given the 3D geometry, stereopsis is probably less useful for specifying the layout of the visual scene than for supplying local information about surface shape and structure. The major objective of the proposed research is to explore how stereo-defined surfaces are encoded, and their role in stereo matching and stereo sensitivity. The first aim will examine the interaction between mechanisms that encode surface edges and mechanisms that encode fine surface relief. The second aim will examine surface encoding for continuous surfaces curved in depth. Recent studies show that disparity is generally encoded with respect to a local frame-of-reference, i.e. an adjacent surface, rather than with respect to the traditional head-centered or eye-centered coordinate system used to represent absolute disparities. The third aim will examine the significance of local frames-of-reference in the context of real surfaces and objects. The experiments in this proposal will examine stereo processing in normal human observers. About 5% of the population suffers from oculomotor (strabismus) or refractive (anisometropia) disorders that threaten the development of normal stereopsis. While most individuals can cope with the loss of stereopsis, abnormal binocular development is also frequently associated with a deficit in the acuity of one eye (amblyopia) - a more serious problem. These studies of normal observers will provide basic knowledge about normal stereopsis, a prerequisite for understanding abnormalities of the binocular system