Psycholsocial Factors in Adolescent Adjustment to IDDM

这项研究的目的是研究胰岛素依赖型糖尿病对青春期过渡期生活质量的影响。 重点是一套与性别有关的特征对心理和身体健康的影响。 在向青春期过渡期间，与性别有关的问题很重要，因为性别角色规范变得突出。 拟议研究中涉及的与性别有关的因素很重要，因为它们与心理和身体健康有关。 这些特质是：共融，完全的共融，能动性，完全的能动性。 我们假设，完全的共融和完全的能动性将与不良的心理和身体健康相关，能动性将与良好的健康结果相关，而共融将与支持性环境相关。 患有糖尿病的儿童（10-12岁）和性别、年龄、种族和家庭结构匹配的健康对照将被招募入研究并随访四年。 纵向设计将使我们能够确定这些特征何时以及是否对健康有影响。 在糖尿病儿童中，这些特征也将与自我护理行为和一系列糖尿病相关并发症（例如，代谢控制不良、早期视网膜病变）。 患有和不患有糖尿病的儿童每年将接受五次面对面的采访。 在每一波，家长将完成一套简短的问卷调查。孩子和家长还将接受24小时电话访谈，每年连续三个月每月一次评估自我照顾行为和社会环境方面。这些方法将确定：（a）与性别有关的特征是否在青春期发生变化，从而影响健康;或（B）与性别有关的特征与健康的关系是否在向青春期过渡的过程中变得更强。 这些方法还将有助于识别个人（例如，自我效能），人际关系（例如，社会支持），以及将性别相关特征与心理和身体健康联系起来的行为过程（自理行为）。

The goal of the proposed research is to examine the impact of insulin-dependent diabetes on quality of life over the transition through adolescence. The focus is on the implications of a set of gender-related traits for psychological and physical well-being. Gender-related issues are important during the transition to adolescence because gender-role norms become salient. The gender-related factors addressed in the proposed research are important because they have been linked to psychological and physical health. These traits are: communion, unmitigated communion, agency, unmitigated agency. We hypothesize that unmitigated communion and unmitigated agency will be associated with poor psychological and physical well- being, agency will be associated with good health outcomes, and communion will be related to a supportive environment. Children (ages 10-12) with diabetes and sex, age, race, and family structure matched healthy controls will be enrolled in the study and followed for four years. The longitudinal design will enable us to determine when and if the traits have implications for health. Among the children with diabetes, these traits also will be linked to self-care behaviors and a set of diabetes-related complications (e.g., poor metabolic control, early stage retinopathy). Children with and without diabetes will be interviewed in-person on an annual basis on five occasions. At each wave, parents will complete a set of brief questionnaires. Children and parents also will respond to 24-hour recall phone interviews to assess self-care behavior and aspects of the social environment once a month for three consecutive months each year. These methods will determine whether: (a) gender-related traits change over the course of adolescence to influence health or (b) whether the relation of gender-related traits to health becomes stronger over the transition to adolescence. These methods also will help to identify the personal (e.g., self-efficacy), interpersonal (e.g., social support), and behavioral processes (self-care behavior) that link gender-related traits to psychological and physical well-being.