Earth-rights and environmental rights in the global governance: a study of the conflicting relationship over land tenure in the Southern Gobi

蒙古南戈壁地区正在经历经济转型过程，这是由于主要由外资拥有的奥尤陶勒盖矿的存在，以及旨在使该地区融入全球市场经济的基础设施和发展项目。将地域性理解为全球联系的节点，基于地域性的过程进入了与资本和文化在多个层面上不断变化的动态的对话。游牧习俗、国家行为者、非政府组织和跨国公司在同一空间交织在一起；然而，对什么是社会、政治和人的不同理解的相遇导致了模棱两可的联系。通过详细阐述获取资源和土地的问题，Iris打算探索在不同行为者之间和牧民本身之间产生的冲突关系，这种关系一方面被视为一种商品，另一方面被视为重塑牧民集体身份的手段。原始积累、掠夺和环境的破坏不仅有助于将“农村”经济同化为以市场为导向的经济，而且随着地貌的物理颠覆，通过认知控制和社会调节建立了一种理性发展的模式。由于当地的政治声音正在被霸权话语所取代，该项目有助于在全球治理中创造替代形式的政治思维。

The region of Southern Gobi in Mongolia is undergoing a process of economic transformation brought about by the presence of the largely foreign-owned Oyu Tolgoi mine and infrastructural and development projects that intend to integrate the area into the global market economy. Understanding locality as a node of global connections, place-based processes enter into conversation with the ever-changing dynamics of capital and culture at many levels. Nomadic practices, state actors, NGOs and transnational corporations intersect in the same space; however, the encounter across different understandings of what constitutes the social, the political and the human entails equivocal connections. By elaborating on the access to resources and land, Iris intends to explore the conflictual relationship that arises- among the different actors and among herders themselves-between an environment perceived, on the one hand, as a commodity and, on the other hand, as a means to reshape herders' collective identity. Primitive accumulation, dispossession and the destructionof an environment do not only contribute to the assimilation of the "rural" economy into a market-oriented one but as the landscape is physically overturned, a model of rational development is installed through cognitive control and social regulation. As the local political voice is being overridden by hegemonic discourses, this project contributes to the needto create alternative forms of political thinking in the global governance.