Dual Code Theory & Youth Physical Activity Self Efficacy

描述（由申请人提供）：几十年来，青年人的体育活动有所下降。低水平的体力活动与肥胖和某些类型癌症的风险增加有关。必须制止和/或扭转这一趋势。目前试图增加青年体育活动的方法似乎不能有效地促进青年体育活动的增加，这表明需要采取创新的方法。缺乏时间和兴趣等障碍是青年人不参加更多体育活动的常见原因。自我效能感是行为改变的重要中介，也是干预措施的共同目标，它影响一个人试图克服障碍的可能性。程序，以提高自我效能的体育活动中的青年需要开发，测试，并从理论上阐明。信息处理技术已被用于增加认知努力，从而影响信息存储和检索。因此，干预措施，以影响青年人的身体活动的变化似乎受益于包括强调身体活动的自我效能，以克服障碍的方式可能会提高信息处理。计算机化程序为系统地操纵材料的特性提供了有趣的可能性（例如，视觉和语言信息渠道），这将影响信息处理。双重代码理论预测，以同时利用视觉和语言处理通道的方式呈现的信息将导致更多的信息处理，因此，学习。本研究探讨了呈现形式和加工渠道对信息加工和身体活动自我效能的影响。计算机化的多媒体程序将使用双重代码理论开发，并管理到11-15岁的青年。研究一考察了呈现形式对信息加工和身体活动自我效能的影响。在研究2中，将使用析因设计来更仔细地检查处理通道的影响（即，视觉vs.口头）的信息处理和身体活动自我效能在计算机程序。这些研究的意义在于，它们将有助于我们理解的演示格式和加工渠道的作用，在计算机多媒体节目促进提高身体活动自我效能的青少年。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Physical activity among youth has declined over several decades. Low levels of physical activity have been associated with increased risk of both obesity and certain types of cancers. It is imperative that this trend be halted and/or reversed. Current methods attempting to increase physical activity among youth do not appear to be effective at promoting increased physical activity among youth, suggesting that innovative approaches are needed. Barriers, such as lack of time and interest, are commonly cited reasons youth do not engage in more physical activity. Self efficacy, a critical mediator of behavior change and a common target of interventions, affects the likelihood one will attempt to overcome barriers. Procedures to increase self efficacy for physical activity among youth need to be developed, tested, and theoretically explicated. Information processing techniques have been used to increase cognitive effort, and, thereby, impact information storage and retrieval. Thus, interventions to effect change in physical activity among youth would appear to benefit from including an emphasis on physical activity self efficacy to overcome barriers in a manner likely to enhance information processing. Computerized programs offer interesting possibilities for systematically manipulating characteristics of materials (e.g., visual and verbal information channels) that would affect information processing. Dual Code Theory predicts that information presented in a manner that utilizes visual and verbal processing channels simultaneously will result in more information processing and, therefore, learning. The studies in this proposal examine the effect of presentation format and processing channel on both information processing and physical activity self efficacy. Computerized multi media programs will be developed using Dual Code Theory and administered to 11-15 year old youth. In Study 1, the effect of presentation format on information processing and physical activity self efficacy will be examined. In Study 2, a factorial design will be used to more closely examine the effect of processing channel (i.e., visual vs. verbal) on information processing and physical activity self efficacy in computerized programs. The significance of these studies is that they will contribute to our understanding of the role of presentation format and processing channel in computerized multi media programs promoting increased physical activity self efficacy among youth.