The Development of Conduct Disorder in Girls

描述（由申请人提供）：没有关于女孩行为障碍（CD）发展的主要研究。 因此，很少有人知道的发展途径，以CD，其共病条件，风险和保护因素，可能会解释其发展与或不与共病条件。 该提案是针对一项关于女孩行为障碍发展的重大研究（N= 2 451）的五年随访的第二阶段。 在研究的第一阶段，从匹兹堡市随机抽取了103，238个家庭的5-8岁女孩。 每年随访的随机样本包括4个队列的5岁、6岁、7岁和8岁女孩（4个队列中每个队列约N=600），在最贫困的社区中女孩的比例略高，以增加研究中CD的最终产量。 到目前为止，女孩、她们的父母（通常是母亲）和她们的老师每年接受两次评估，第三次评估计划在第一阶段的第三年也是最后一年进行。 在尚未完成的第二次评估中，参与者的合作程度非常高（超过95%）。 在拟议的研究第二阶段，当女孩年龄在8岁至15岁之间时，我们计划继续进行年度评估。 我们预计，在此期间，CD的患病率将增加，其他破坏性行为的患病率和严重程度也将增加，包括犯罪，内化问题，特别是抑郁情绪和创伤后应激障碍，以及躯体形式障碍的症状。 第二阶段的研究目的是：1）检查行为问题的内容、聚合效度和预测效度，以及对女孩行为障碍的诊断; 2）确定行为障碍和破坏性行为的发展模式; 3）确定共病问题在行为问题发展和过程中的作用; 4）建立一个风险和保护因素模型，该模型具有发育特异性，可以解释为什么女孩的许多问题在青春期后出现和恶化。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There are no major studies on the development of Conduct Disorder (CD) in girls. As a consequence, little is known about the developmental pathways to CD, its comorbid conditions, and risk and protective factors that might explain its development with or without comorbid conditions. This proposal is for Phase 2 of a five-year follow-up of a major study on the development of Conduct Disorder in girls (N=2,451). In Phase 1 of the study, a random sample of 5-8 year-old girls was drawn from the city of Pittsburgh though a enumeration of 103,238 households. The resulting random sample for yearly follow-up consisted of four cohorts of 5, 6, 7, and 8 year-old girls (about N=600 in each of the four cohorts), with a slight overrepresentation of girls in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods to increase the eventual yield of CD in the study. So far, the girls, their parent (usually the mother), and their teacher have been assessed twice at a yearly interval, and a third assessment is planned for the third and final year of Phase 1. Participant cooperation in the second assessment which is not yet completed has been very high (over 95%). In the proposed Phase 2 of the study, when the girls will be between the ages of 8 and 15, we plan to continue yearly assessments. We anticipate that during this period, the prevalence of CD will increase, as will the prevalence and severity of other disruptive behaviors including delinquency, internalizing problems, particularly depressed mood and PTSD, and symptoms of somatoform disorder. The aims of Phase 2 of the study are: 1) Examine the content, convergent and predictive validity of conduct problems and diagnosis of Conduct Disorder in girls; 2) Identify developmental models of Conduct Disorder and disruptive behavior; 3) Identify the role of comorbid problems in the development and course of conduct problems; and 4) Produce a model of risk and protective factors that is developmentally specific and that can explain why many problems in girls emerge and worsen after puberty.