Chemistry of Arthropod Secretions

描述（由申请人提供）：昆虫和其他陆生节肢动物占地球上所有描述物种的一半以上。虽然这些物种中的大多数对人类生活没有直接影响，但有些是极其重要的疾病媒介（即采采蝇、按蚊、锥蝽、蜱.），有的已发展成为农业、林业和家庭害虫。此外，蜘蛛和它们的亲属具有特殊的药理学意义，因为它们能够合成能够使猎物瘫痪的毒液。化学在节肢动物的生活中起着核心作用。该项目的目的是阐明节肢动物化学的关键，生物合理的考虑，在方式，应该导致改善人类健康和福利的基础上。 在我们的实验方法中，我们计划开发使用核磁共振光谱的生物活性样品从节肢动物来源的初步研究。随着核磁共振光谱仪灵敏度的不断提高以及多维分析技术的强大功能，现在即使对蜘蛛毒液或昆虫全身提取物中发现的复杂混合物进行有用的核磁共振分析也是现实的。具体来说，我们的计划包括寻找新的神经毒素的毒液中的蜘蛛和蝎子;合成新发现的毒液成分的生物筛选;的特性的捕食者产生的利它素，抑制蚊子产卵;寻找新的抗昆虫剂从昆虫幼虫和蛹;阐明新的强心剂的结构从萤火虫。我们的总体目标是（1）发现重要的节肢动物相互作用的化学基础，（2）提供适用于疾病媒介的新控制技术的基础，和（3）从节肢动物源中发现新的生物活性化学型，可作为药物开发或媒介控制的先导化合物。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Insects and other terrestrial arthropods make up over half of all described species on earth. Although the majority of these species have no immediate impact on human life, some are extremely important as disease vectors (i.e. tsetse fly, anopeheline mosquitoes, triatomine bugs, ticks ...), and some have developed into agricultural, forest, and household pests. In addition, spiders and their relatives are of particular pharmacological interest because of their ability to synthesize venoms capable of paralyzing their prey. Chemistry plays a central role in the lives of arthropods. The aim of this project is to elucidate arthropod chemistry based on critical, biorational considerations, in ways that should lead to the improvement of human health and welfare. In our experimental approach, we plan on developing the use of NMR spectroscopy for the initial study of bioactive samples obtained from arthropod sources. With the ever-increasing sensitivity of NMR spectrometers, and the remarkable power of multidimensional analytical techniques, it is now realistic to carry out useful NMR analyses even on complex mixtures such as those found in spider venoms, or in whole-insect-body extracts. Specifically, our plans include the search for novel neurotoxins in the venoms of spiders and scorpions; the synthesis of newly-discovered venom components for biological screening; the characterization of a predator-produced kairomone which inhibits mosquito oviposition; a search for new anti-insect agents from insect larvae and pupae; elucidation of the structures of new cardiotonic agents from fireflies. Our overall objectives are (1) to discover the chemical basis for important arthropod interactions, (2) to provide the basis for new control techniques applicable to disease vectors, and (3) to find from arthropod sources new biologically active chemotypes which may serve as lead compounds in drug development or vector control.