An Analysis of Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall's Intellectual Thought in India; Exploring its Development and Contemporary Significance

虽然很多人可能不熟悉皮克索尔的名字，但对于那些了解他的故事的人来说，他是英国穆斯林遗产中最有影响力的人物之一。皮克塞尔年轻时是一位成功的作家，他的作品受到同时代人的赞誉，如D·H·劳伦斯、H·G·威尔斯和E·M·福斯特。皮克塞尔成为第一位以英语为母语翻译《古兰经》的人；他今天最为人所知的成就。尽管他的文学成就和在英国穆斯林遗产中的独特地位，匹克霍尔的遗产在1936年去世后基本上没有被发掘。多亏了安妮·弗里曼特尔（Ann Fremantle, 1939）和彼得·克拉克博士（Dr Peter Clark, 1986）的传记，匹克霍尔的故事才得以保存下来。克拉克长期以来一直认为，需要在这些先前的作品（2016）的基础上，进行一项“新鲜的、严格的学术研究”。我的工作将通过分析影响皮克霍尔在1917年皈依伊斯兰教后对伊斯兰传统的独特理解的演员、运动和思想趋势，为实现这一目标做出贡献。此外，通过皮克霍尔的一生，我将探索伊斯兰传统被采纳并适应英国社会的最早例子。匹克索尔是这一过程中的关键人物，历史学家穆罕默德·塞登（Mohammad Seddon）将其称为英国伊斯兰传统的“本土化”（Geaves & Gilham 2017: 14）。由于对生活在英国的穆斯林进行了激烈的政治、公众和学术审查，这种形式的研究在当代英国尤其相关。像皮克索尔这样的故事继续引起共鸣，因为它们展示了“英国穆斯林”身份的根源，并说明了它实现的多种方式。我的作品的这一原创方面将使人们对匹克霍尔重新产生兴趣，并展示他继续具有当代意义背后的原因。

While Pickthall's name may be unfamiliar to many, for those aware of his story he stands out as one of the most influential figures in Britain's Muslim heritage. A successful author in his youth - whose work received praise from contemporaries such as D H Lawrence, H G Wells and E M Forster - Pickthall became the first native English speaker to translate the Qur'an; the achievement he is best known for today. Despite his literary achievements and unique status within Britain's Muslim Heritage, Pickthall's legacy was largely unexplored after his death in 1936. It was thanks to the biographies of Ann Fremantle (1939) and Dr Peter Clark (1986) that Pickthall's story was preserved at all. Clark has long argued of the need for a "fresh, rigorously academic" Pickthall study to build on these previous works (2016). My work will contribute to that end by analysing the actors, movements and intellectual trends that influenced Pickthall's unique understanding of the Islamic tradition after his conversion in 1917. Furthermore, through Pickthall's life I will explore arguably the earliest example of the Islamic tradition being adopted and then adapted to conform to British society. Pickthall was a key figure in this process, which historian Mohammad Seddon refers to as the 'indigenisation' of the Islamic tradition in Britain (Geaves & Gilham 2017: 14). This form of research is particularly pertinent in contemporary Britain due to the intense political, public and academic scrutiny that has been placed on Muslims living in Britain. Stories such as Pickthall's continue to resonate as they demonstrate the rootedness of a 'British Muslim' identity and illustrate the diverse ways in which it has materialised. This original aspect of my work will contextualise the revived interest in Pickthall and demonstrate the reasons behind his continued contemporary significance.