Second-language vowel perception and production

超出所提供的空间。需要更好地了解成人在各种听、说条件下的第二语言语言产生和感知能力的发展。为了有效地交流，特别是在不利的条件下，非母语人士必须适当地利用一系列线索来识别第二语言的语音。因此，在不同条件下的表现可以被视为反映了非本地人对这些线索的生产性和感性语音知识，而发展可以被视为线索权重的变化。这些问题将利用高水平和低水平的以英语为第二语言的西班牙语使用者和以英语为母语的人的生产和感知数据进行探讨。实验1将研究在引用和高发音条件下产生的元音的声学特性。实验2将研究被试对自然元音和合成元音的识别，这些元音被操纵来中和或维持持续时间和频谱变化的线索。实验3将测量实验1中产生的引用和高发音元音的可理解性。这些数据将被用来检验一个假设，即不太熟练的非本地人缺乏元音识别的全方位线索。我们预测，对于某些线索，非母语低熟练者在引用和高清晰度条件下的产生表现没有差异，在完整线索和某些线索中和条件下的感知表现没有差异。第二个预测是，在某些生产和感知测量的条件下，更熟练的非本地人对这些线索的发展知识将被夸大或限制程度的变化所反映。这些数据将有助于我们理解生产性和感性语音知识之间的关系。数据应该为以下三个观点之一提供一些支持：1)感知单向影响生产，2)生产和感知相互双向影响，或3)感知和生产技能独立发展。本研究的结果将会引导出更有效的训练方法来提高第二语学习者的沟通技巧。网站性能 ======================================== 节结束 ===========================================

EXCEED THE SPACE PROVIDED. A better understanding is needed of the development of adult second-language speech production and perception abilities across a range of listening and speaking conditions. In order to communicate effectively, especially in adverse conditions, non-native speakers must make appropriate use of a range of cues to speech sound identification in the second language. Thus, performance across differing conditions may be viewed as reflecting non-natives' productive and perceptual phonetic knowledge of these cues, and development can be viewed as changes in cue weighting. These issues will be explored using production and perception data from high- and low-proficiency Spanish speakers of English as a second language and native English speakers. Experiment 1 will investigate the acoustic properties of vowels produced in citation and hyperarticulation conditions. Experiment 2 will investigate subjects' identification of natural vowels and synthetic vowels manipulated to neutralize or maintain the cues of duration and spectral change. Experiment 3 will measure the intelligibility of the citation and hyperarticulated vowels produced in Experiment 1. The data will be used to test the hypothesis that less proficient non-natives lack knowledge of the full range of cues to vowel identification. It is predicted that, for some cues, the less proficient non-natives will exhibit no difference in production performance between citation and hyperarticulation conditions and no difference in perception performance between the full-cue and some cue-neutralized conditions. A second prediction is that the more proficient non-natives' developing knowledge of these cues will be reflected by an exaggerated or restricted degree of change across conditions for some production and perception measures. These data will contribute to our understanding of the relationship between productive and perceptual phonetic knowledge. The data should provide some support for one of three ideas: 1) that perception unidirectionally influences production, 2) that production and perception influence one another bi-directionally, or 3) that perception and production skills develop independently. The outcome of this research should lead to more effective trainina methods to imorove second-lanauaae learners' communication skills. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================