Making speech three-dimensional: Adding tone to consonant- and vowel-based speech perception and language acquisition research, quantification and theory

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Children learn the intricacies of human language in just a few years because they tune into their native language well before they start to speak. We now have a good understanding of this process and how it might affect learning difficulties but only for a limited number of European languages. Here we will investigate face-to-face speech and language learning for components used across the world's languages, most particularly lexical tone used in many Asian languages, with significant implications for language acquisition, language learning difficulties, machines that speak, learning foreign languages, aids for the Deaf and hearing impaired, and multilingualism.