The next phase of net gain: Scaling biodiversity offsetting in England.

该项目将通过多站点定性研究，调查英国生物多样性抵消（BDO）的发展和实施。BDO是一项保护策略，旨在通过市场交易，以受保护的场外生境取代因经济发展而退化的环境。BDO被吹捧为市场与自然的“双赢”，源自政府免费获得环境宝贵土地发展的雄心。这项研究将与自然英格兰合作，探索英国BDO的空间和机构，追踪从早期试点中吸取的经验教训如何流入新兴政策，自然如何在经济和环境功能上得到重视，以及BDO如何重塑保护实践和社区。2012年，一个为期两年的BDO试点项目在六个地方政府启动，但财政紧缩限制了国家领导项目的能力；最终DEFRA使BDO成为自愿的，主要利益相关者退出，除了沃里克郡，试点失败了。但现在BDO又回来了，待定的立法将强制要求通过BDO获得“净收益”，要求开发商通过在其他地方改善或创造栖息地，实现10%的“生物多样性价值”改善。

This project will investigate the development and implementation of biodiversity offsetting(BDO) in England through multi-sited, qualitative research. BDO is a conservation strategythat aims to replace environments degraded by economic development with conserved offsitehabitats mediated through market transactions. BDO is touted as 'win-win' for markets andnature, flowing from Government's ambition to free environmentally-valuable land fordevelopment. This research, in partnership with Natural England, will explore the spaces andinstitutions of BDO in England, tracing how lessons learned from earlier pilots flow intoemerging policy, how nature comes to be valued both economically and for environmentalfunctions, and how BDO is reshaping conservation practice and communities.A two-year BDO pilot launched in 2012 in six local authorities, but austerity limited statecapacity to lead the project; ultimately DEFRA made BDO voluntary, key stakeholderswithdrew and, except for Warwickshire County, the pilots fizzled out. But now BDO is back,and pending legislation will make 'net gain' through BDO mandatory for planning consent,requiring developers to deliver 10% improvements in 'biodiversity value' by enhancing orcreating habitat elsewhere.