Neurocognitive consequences of cannabis use

大麻是美国使用最广泛的非法药物，约有700万人每周至少使用一次。虽然大麻对神经心理功能的急性影响似乎是可逆的，但长期的神经认知影响和潜在的精神后果尚未完全了解。然而，由于以下几个原因，必须具体说明大麻的潜在长期影响：（1）大麻可能在未来被用作某些疾病的治疗方法，因此确定大麻是否产生长期的神经毒性很重要;（2）年轻人使用大麻可能导致长期的永久性神经心理后果，包括认知缺陷和精神分裂症风险增加。本提案寻求支持，以审查年轻人使用大麻的神经认知和精神后果。注意力，抑制控制和社会认知将在当前和过去的大麻调查 在大学第一年的开始，使用者和非使用者。他们将在第一年定期接受监测，以跟踪与大麻有关的行为变化。此外，还将在年轻的食人族使用者中检查典型人格。大麻的使用与精神分裂症和典型人格的风险增加有关，但尚不清楚预先存在的精神病风险是否可能是一个主要因素。我们将评估大学一年级学生的典型特征和大麻使用情况，并在一年后重新检查，以测试大麻使用是否会增加精神病倾向，或者预先存在的典型人格是否会增加使用大麻的可能性。总之，这个项目将使我们能够进一步确定和阐明 研究人员将在健康的年轻人中研究大麻使用的神经认知和精神后果，并查明可能受大麻影响的可能的神经回路。该项目的成果将使我们能够在未来设计和进行青少年和年轻成人大麻使用者的重点功能和结构神经成像研究，以了解大麻使用如何影响青春期后期和成年早期的神经回路，以及这些潜在的变化是否是永久性的。因此，该提案的结果将直接形成大麻神经毒性起源和大麻在精神病中的潜在作用的系统神经影像学研究的基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cannabis sativa is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States with about 7 million people using it at least once a week. Although the acute effects of cannabis on neuropsychological functions seem reversible, long-term neurocognitive effects and potential psychiatric consequences are not yet fully understood. However, it is important to specify the potential long-term effects of cannabis for several reasons: (1) Cannabis might be used as a treatment for certain conditions in the future, so it is important to determine whether or not cannabis produces long-lasting neurotoxicity; (2) Cannabis use among young people may result in long-term permanent neuropsychological consequnces including cognitive deficits and increased risk of schizophrenia. The present proposal seeks support to examine neurocognitive and psychiatric consequences of cannabis use in young adults. Attention, inhibitory control, and social cognition will be investigated in current and past cannabis users and nonusers at the beginning of the first year of college. They will be monitored regulary during the first year to track changes in behavior in relation to cannabis. In addition, schizotypal personality will be examined in young cannibus users. Cannabis use is implicated in increased risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality but it is unclear whether pre-existing liability for psychosis may be a major factor. We will assess schizotypal traits and cannabis use in first year college students and re-examine them a year later to test whether cannabis use increases psychosis-proneness or whether pre-existing schizotypal personality increases the probability of using cannabis. In sum, this project will enable us to further identify and elucidate the potential neurocognitive and psychiatric consquences of cannabis use in young, healthy people and pinpoint possible neural circuits that may be affected by cannabis. The outcome of this project will enable us to design and conduct focused functional and structural neuroimaging studies of adolescent and young adult cannabis users in the future in order to understand how cannabis use may affect neural circuits in late adolescence and early adulthood and whether these potential changes are permanent. Thus the outcome of this proposal will directly form the basis for systematic neuroimaging investigations of the origins of cannabis neurotoxicity and cannabis potential role in psychosis.