Measuring thermodynamic quantities at the nanoscale

该项目旨在回答与量子引擎的效率和功率有关的问题，以期推动量子热力学领域的发展。本研究对于量子系统的能量收集、耗散和热化，以及量子功、量子涨落和自主机器的研究具有重要意义。除了一个基本的观点，它还对微型化到纳米尺度的技术产生影响，为设备和纳米机器的操作和设计提供信息。它还可以为自旋、电荷和热流之间的相互作用提供信息，并促进对量子电池的理解。它可能对生物马达的研究和在嘈杂环境中保持相干性很重要，它可能为利用量子热力学效应的技术发现新的机会。这个项目将专注于测量量子信息处理的热力学成本。Jonathan将建立一个固态平台，实现可以在开放量子系统中研究热力学的引擎。特别是，他将回答这样一个问题：产生量子效应的发动机的效率是多少？热力学是物理学最坚实的支柱之一。它支撑了工业革命，影响了几乎所有的科学和工程领域。但人们对量子器件演化、波动和相互耦合以及与环境耦合的热力学知之甚少。开放的问题范围从量子状态的功的定义到量子热力学循环的效率。经典热力学是在19世纪建立的；量子热力学现在在理论领域蓬勃发展，但由于缺乏对热力学过程的控制，在实验上仍处于起步阶段。Jonathan将利用固态混合设备的能力，提供一个平台来回答开放量子系统热力学中最紧迫的问题。固态电路已被广泛探索用于实现量子比特设备，包括b谷歌、微软、英特尔和IBM在内的世界各国政府和公司都在大力投资，以释放其量子计算的潜力。乔纳森将是第一个使用半导体量子比特技术进行量子引擎实验的人。该项目是释放量子热力学潜力的关键，使量子设备中的热力学量得以测量。该项目属于EPSRC物理科学和量子技术研究领域。Jonathan将与Alexia auff<e:1>教授（法国nsamel研究所）、Janet Anders教授（英国埃克塞特大学）和Juan Parrondo教授（西班牙马德里康普顿大学）就量子信息处理的热力学理论密切合作。他还将与牛津大学的欧文·马罗尼教授合作，了解量子信息在热力学过程中的作用。

The project is directed to answer questions related to the efficiency and power of quantum engines, with views to advance the field of quantum thermodynamics. This research is important to energy harvesting, dissipation and thermalisation of quantum systems, and the study of quantum work, quantum fluctuations and autonomous machines. Apart from a fundamental perspective, it has impact in technology miniaturised to the nanoscale, informing the operation and design of devices and nanomachines. It could also inform the interplay between spin, charge and heat currents and advance the understanding of quantum batteries. It might be important in the study of biomotors and the preservation of coherence in nosy environments, and it might uncover new opportunities for technologies that harness quantum thermodynamics effects.This project will focus on measuring the thermodynamic cost of quantum information processing. Jonathan will build a platform in the solid state to realize engines that can enable the study of thermodynamics in open quantum systems. In particular, he will answer the question: what is the efficiency of an engine in which quantum effects arise?Thermodynamics is one of physics' most solid pillars. It underpinned the industrial revolution and impacts nearly all fields of science and engineering. But little is known about the thermodynamics of quantum devices evolving, fluctuating and coupling to each other and to the environment. Open questions range from the definition of work in the quantum regime to the efficiency of quantum thermodynamic cycles. Classical thermodynamics has been established since the 19th century; quantum thermodynamics is now blossoming in the theoretical domain, but is still in its infancy experimentally, due to the lack of control over thermodynamic processes in this regime. Jonathan will harness the capabilities of solid-state hybrid devices to provide a platform to answer the most pressing questions in the thermodynamics of open quantum systems. Solid-state circuits have been explored extensively for the realisation of qubit devices, with governments and companies worldwide, including Google, Microsoft, Intel and IBM, investing substantially to unleash their potential for quantum computing. Jonathan will be the first to use semiconductor qubit technology for quantum engine experiments.This project is key to unleash the potential of quantum thermodynamics by enabling the measurement of thermodynamic quantities in quantum devices. This project falls within the EPSRC Physical sciences and Quantum technologies research areas.Jonathan will work closely with Prof Alexia Auffèves (Institut Néel, France), Prof Janet Anders (Exeter University, UK) and Prof Juan Parrondo (Universidad Complutende de Madrid, Spain) on the theory of the thermodynamic of quantum information processing. He will also collaborate with Prof Owen Maroney (University of Oxford) to understand the role of quantum information in thermodynamic processes.