Defining and Developing the Role of a Future Autonomous Vehicle (AV) Teleoperator from a Human Factors Perspective

技术创新使道路车辆的自主程度不断提高，这逐渐将驾驶车辆的任务从乘客身上移开。随着全自动（或“无人驾驶”）汽车的不断发展，这也需要基础设施的设计来支持，以使自动驾驶汽车（AV）安全成功地运行。远程操作，指的是远程操作员对自动驾驶汽车的控制，是与自动驾驶汽车开发相关的一个日益增长的领域。需要进行研究，以了解远程操作员在支持未来自动驾驶汽车在一系列场景中的功能方面可能发挥的作用。远程操作员的潜在角色可能包括在车辆无法控制的情况下进行控制，与应急服务和道路网络控制器进行通信，或与自动驾驶汽车用户进行通信，以获得驾驶级辅助或体验级服务。这项工作有很大的潜力来塑造远程操作员的工作设计，从定义任务到工作站的要求。由于商业或大规模自动驾驶远程操作员的角色在现实中尚不存在，这是一个理想的机会，可以采取基于人为因素的方法，从最早的阶段开始为作业设计提供信息。这项研究将对那些希望开发未来自动驾驶服务（例如自动出租车车队和卡车队列）的人感兴趣。它也可以进一步理解人为因素和人机交互（HCI）领域围绕未来工作的设计，包括系统-人的任务分配和新的交互风格

Technological innovations are enabling road vehicles to move towards ever-increasing levels of autonomy, which gradually moved the task of operating the vehicle away from the occupants. As the move towards fully autonomuous (or 'driverless') cars continues, this will also need to be supported by the design of infrastructures to allow autonomous vehicles (AV's) to operate safely and successfully. Teleoperation, referring to the control of AV's by a remotely located operator, is a growing area of interest associated with AV development. Research is required to understand the possible roles of a teleoperator in supporting the function of future AV's in a range of scenarios. Potential roles for the teleoperator may include taking control in situations where the vehicle is unable to, communication with emergency services and road network controllers, or communication with the AV users for driving-level assistance or experiential-level services. There is great potential for this work to shape the design of work for teleoperators, from defining tasks to the requirements of workstations. As the role of an commercial or large scale AV teleoperator does not yet exist in reality, this is an ideal opportunity to take a Human Factors based approach to inform job design from the earliest stages. The research will be of interest to those looking to develop future AV services (e.g. autonomous taxi fleets and truck platooning). It may also further understanding in Human Factors and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) fields around the design of future work, including system-human task allocation and novel interaction styles