Advancing Cultural Competency Education and Training

描述(由申请人提供)： 该项目的具体目标是为医科学生设计、实施和评估针对心血管和肺部疾病健康差异的全面的文化能力课程。该课程应用了成人学习、有效的跨文化交流和跨文化敏感性的理论，并将适用于其他卫生专业的学习者。该课程教育学生了解影响不同群体健康状况的文化和环境因素，这些群体存在心血管和肺部疾病的健康差异，并帮助学生培养态度、知识、行为和技能，以有效和高效地照顾这些个人。学习者将：1)认识医疗文化的特点、他们自己的信仰，以及这些之间的相互关系；2)认识卫生保健系统中的偏见，以及这些偏见如何影响获得保健的机会；3)描述健康信念、价值观、传统、做法和态度的发展及其对保健和疾病发生的影响；4)查明服务不足和弱势人群的健康问题，认识到这些问题如何影响健康；5)解释这些问题如何影响寻求保健的行为、对治疗或行为建议的坚持和反应；6)认识与健康差距有关的文化概念及其如何影响保健遭遇；7)认识到传统疗法和替代疗法如何与文化健康信念模式相辅相成/相互冲突；8)加强与不同文化背景的患者的沟通，并采用对文化敏感的方法传播健康信息；9)查明妇女的健康差距和改善妇女健康的可能战略。教育方法包括要求阅读、讲课、小组讨论、基于案例的讨论、研讨会、模拟、反思写作、自我指导学习、社区项目和临床轮换。评估方法包括态度和知识的事前和事后评估，以及使用标准化患者进行的观察技能评估。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The specific aim of this project is to design, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive, cultural competency curriculum for medical students targeting cardiovascular and pulmonary disease health disparities. The curriculum applies theories of adult learning, effective cross-cultural communication, and intercultural sensitivity and will be adapted for other health professions learners. The curriculum educates learners about cultural and environmental factors influencing the health status of diverse groups, for which cardiovascular and pulmonary disease health disparities exist, and to help learners develop the attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and skills to effectively and efficiently care for those individuals. Learners will: 1) Recognize characteristics of the medical culture, their own beliefs, and how those interrelate, 2) Recognize biases in the health care system and how these influence access to care, 3) Describe development of health beliefs, values, traditions, practices, and attitudes and their implications for health care and disease occurrence, 4) Identify health issues of underserved and vulnerable populations and recognize how these affect health, and contribute to disparities, 5) Explain how these issues influence health seeking behavior, adherence and responses to treatment or behavioral recommendations, 6) Recognize cultural concepts related to health disparities and how they influence the health care encounter, 7) Recognize how traditional and alternative therapies complement/conflict with cultural health belief models, 8) Enhance communications with culturally diverse patients and convey health information using a culturally sensitive approach, and 9) Identify women's health disparities and the possible strategies for improving women's health. Educational methods include required reading; lectures; panels; case-based discussions; workshops; simulations; reflective writing; self directed learning; community projects; and clinical rotations. Evaluation methods include pre and post assessments of attitudes and knowledge, and observed skills assessments using standardized patients.