Investigating the potential threats posed to Smart Cities by the emergent capabilities of Quantum Technologies

智能城市(SC)，也被称为互联地点(CP)，正以各种形式在世界各地涌现。然而，它们的共同点是承诺提高生活水平、更有效地利用资源和环境效益，所有这些都是通过利用数字信息的集成系统提供的。但这些信息很容易受到攻击，如果被泄露，可能会导致安全、信任和身份问题。作为新兴量子技术(Qt)的一个例子，量子计算被不同地描述为“现在就在这里”、“即将到来”或“未来10年内不会”；那么，什么是真理？还有什么其他的Qt能力将会出现，何时出现，以及达到什么程度的保证？该项目将通过分析SC的参考架构并与英国政府机构合作，审查SC的基本特征、其治理、系统和底层技术基础设施，从而评估SC的网络安全漏洞。然后，它将调查Qt的紧急能力，重点是它们构成的潜在网络安全威胁。最后，本文将把这两种分析联系起来，以确定Qt对SC构成的威胁的优先顺序，并寻求提出能够提高SC对这些威胁的网络安全韧性的方法。

Smart Cities (SC), also known as Connected Places (CP), are emerging all over the world, in various guises. However, what they have in common is the promise of better living standards, more efficient resource usage and environmental benefits, all provided through integrated systems that capitalise on digital information. But this information is vulnerable and, if compromised, could lead to security, trust and identity issues. Quantum computing, as one example of emerging quantum technologies (QT), has been variously described as "here now", "coming soon" or "not for another 10 years"; so, what is truth? And what other QT capabilities will emerge, when, and to what level of assurance? This project will examine the essential characteristics of SC, their governance, systems and underlying technical infrastructure, through an analysis of their reference architectures and work with UK Government agencies, leading to an assessment of the cybersecurity vulnerabilities of SC. It will then investigate the emergent capabilities of QT, focussing on the potential cybersecurity threats that they pose. Finally, the thesis will link the two analyses to prioritise the threats QT poses to SC and seek to propose methods that could enhance SC cybersecurity resilience against those threats.