Generalized Signaling for Control in Schizophrenia

描述（由申请人提供）：精神分裂症中的认知障碍可以表征为认知控制障碍，其定义为根据个人目标或意图指导个人行为的能力。成功完成任务所需的控制类型以及最近引发控制的信号机制都得到了深入的研究。神经影像学研究表明，认知控制的这些组成部分在解剖学上是分离的，前扣带皮层（ACC）负责监控冲突，背外侧前额叶皮层负责调节控制策略。然而，关于不同形式的冲突与控制之间的确切关系，仍然存在问题。冲突是特定于具体情境的控制信号，还是引发了更普遍的跨情境影响？初步结果表明，冲突确实可以产生超越冲突产生背景的控制效果。在这个建议中，我们试图复制和扩展这些初步的研究结果，以评估在何种程度上控制效果可以概括在不同的情况下，使用EEC和功能磁共振成像测试有关ACC激活的具体预测，并翻译这些范式，以进一步阐明精神分裂症的控制障碍，研究表明，认知控制障碍与减少冲突引起的ACC激活。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cognitive impairments in schizophrenia can be characterized as disturbances in cognitive control, defined as the ability to guide one's behavior in accordance with one's goals or intentions. Both the type of control required for successful task performance, and more recently, the signaling mechanisms that elicit control, have been intensely studied. Neuroimaging studies have shown that these components of cognitive control can be anatomically dissociated, with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) monitoring for conflict and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mediating strategic adjustments in control. Questions remain, however, regarding the precise relationship between different forms of conflict and control. Does conflict signal for control that is context-specific or does it elicit more global effects that generalize across contexts? Preliminary results show that conflict can, indeed, elicit control effects that extend beyond the context within which the conflict was engendered. In this proposal, we seek to replicate and extend these initial findings to assess to what extent control effects may generalize across contexts, using EEC and fMRI to test specific predictions concerning ACC activation, and translate these paradigms to further elucidate control disturbances in schizophrenia, where studies have shown impairments in cognitive control in association with diminished conflict-induced ACC activation.