Race, Gender and Culture: An Examination of the Legacies of Irish Presbyterian Missions in Malawi and Kenya c.1958-2000.

在过去的三十年里，地理学和更广泛的人文学科产生了一系列关于种族、性别和文化交流的研究。这些发展已经通知基督教的使命和他们的复杂遗产的学术兴趣。最近的工作表明，基督教传教与种族和性别问题交织在一起，造成了相互冲突的权力关系。基督教传教的复杂种族遗产是当今传教组织迫切关注的一个领域。然而，大部分的奖学金集中在第二次世界大战前的时期;事实上，在非殖民化期间和自非殖民化以来，缺乏关于基督教传教士遗产的文献。该项目在关于种族、性别、宗教和纪念活动的文化和历史地理工作范围内，力求填补已查明的空白。该项目将审查世纪后半叶爱尔兰长老会海外使命的记录、回忆和物质文化中如何体现和再现种族、性别和文化间关系。它将采取个案研究的办法，在马拉维和肯尼亚的背景下探讨这些问题。这项研究将试图揭示被边缘化的非欧洲参与者在传教事业中的地位。通过这种方式，它将鼓励对话，建设性地处理基督教使命和种族正义之间的联系，过去和现在。该项目的目的是审查1958-2000年期间，在爱尔兰派往马拉维和肯尼亚的海外使团中，长老会的书面、口头和材料历史如何反映种族、性别和文化间关系。所采取的办法将是跨部门的，特别侧重于种族和性别，将其作为在使命工作及其遗产范围内和通过其谈判确定的关键类别。在这个过程中，希望参与长老会任务的“隐藏”非欧洲行动者将被发现。以下研究问题将有助于指导和塑造这个项目：1。爱尔兰长老会的传教事业在多大程度上可以被理解为跨文化的？2.种族和性别的观念是如何从爱尔兰长老会的传教事业中产生的？3.在传教档案、记忆和物质文化中，种族和性别是以何种方式表现和制定的？4.如何利用这些资源来挖掘与传教事业有关的“隐藏”演员？研究方法：将分析在联合神学院举行的与国际关心项目在马拉维和肯尼亚的任务有关的档案和印刷资料。幻灯片、磁带、照片、小册子、传单、杂志、手册、回忆录和官方记录可供分析。如果旅行允许，我还将访问东非长老会（肯尼亚）和中非长老会（马拉维）最近编目的档案，以更直接地了解非洲的声音。贝尔法斯特的档案工作将被“间接”地接近，以恢复“隐藏”的声音和故事。在国际关心会全球宣教理事会的协助下，将与国际关心会传教士进行口述历史访谈，并通过焦点小组鼓励集体讨论。这些采访也将提供机会，探索传教工作的物质实践。通过探索在传教士集会中移动的物体的社会生活，有可能对传教活动中涉及的文化交流和相遇形成一种互惠的观点。所有来源将使用交叉的方法进行分析，并将部署集合的概念，以重新定位基督教传教士的地理范围。通过使用档案来源，记忆和实物，通过PCI任务锻造的跨文化关系的特点将被探索，

Over the past three decades, geography, and the humanities more generally, have produced a burgeoning array of research on race, gender and cultural exchange. These developments have informed scholarly interest in Christian missions and their complex legacies. Recent work has demonstrated that Christian missions have been intertwined with issues of race and gender, creating conflicting power relationships. The complex racial legacies of Christian missions are an area of urgent concern for missionary organisations today. However, the bulk of scholarship focuses on the period pre-World War Two; indeed, there is a dearth of literature on the legacies of Christian missions during and since decolonisation. Situated within work in cultural and historical geography on race, gender, religion and commemoration, this project seeks to fill the gaps identified. The project will examine how race, gender and inter-cultural relations are represented and reproduced in the records, recollections and material culture of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland's (PCI) overseas mission during the second half of the twentieth century. It will adopt a case-study approach, exploring these issues in the context of Malawi and Kenya. The research will attempt to uncover the place of marginalised non-European actors in the missionary enterprise. In this way, it will encourage conversations that deal constructively with the connections between Christian missions and racial justice, past and present. Research questions The aim of the project is to examine how race, gender and inter-cultural relations are represented in written, oral and material histories of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland's overseas missions to Malawi and Kenya, 1958-2000. The approach adopted will be intersectional, with a particular focus on race and gender as key categories negotiated within and through the mission work and its legacies. In the process, it is hoped that 'hidden' non-European actors who participated in Presbyterian missions will be uncovered. The following research questions will help direct and shape this project: 1. To what extent can the Irish Presbyterian missionary enterprise be understood as inter-cultural? 2. In what ways did ideas of race and gender emerge from, and inform, the Irish Presbyterian missionary enterprise? 3. In what ways have race and gender been represented and enacted in missionary archives, memory and material culture? 4. How might these sources be used to excavate 'hidden' actors associated with missionary endeavour? Research Methods: Archival and printed sources associated with PCI's missions in Malawi and Kenya, held in Union Theological College will be analysed. Slides, tapes, photographs, pamphlets, leaflets, magazines, handbooks, memoirs, and official records are available for analysis. Travel permitting, I will also visit the recently catalogued archives of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (Kenya) and Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (Malawi) to access African voices more directly. Archival work in Belfast will be approached 'obliquely' to recuperate 'hidden' voices and stories. With assistance from PCI's Council for Global Missions, oral history interviews will be conducted with PCI missionaries and collective discussion will be encouraged through focus groups. These interviews will also provide opportunities to explore the material practices of missionary work. By exploring the social life of objects that moved through the missionary assemblage, it is possible to develop a reciprocal perspective on the cultural exchanges and encounters involved in missionary activity. All sources will be analysed using an intersectional approach and concepts of assemblage will be deployed to re-situate the geographical within Christian missions. By using archival sources, memory and material objects the character of inter-cultural relationships forged through PCI missions will be explored hol