Reducing the climate impacts of highways construction materials through exploring their physical and geotechnical properties and applications

不言而喻，任何土木工程项目在达到相关发展目标的同时，尽量减少所需的材料数量和输出最少的废物，这在商业和环境方面都是一种良好的做法。英国环境、食品和农村事务部和政府统计局（2021年）指出，英国62%的废物来自建筑、拆除和挖掘。利用与循环经济（CE）相关的原则，可以实现对材料资源和废物管理的急需改进，这是一个公认的概念，其基础是向可再生能源和材料的过渡。受艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会（Ellen MacArthur Foundation）的启发，National Highways等人（2016）采用的定义是“通过设计恢复的工业经济，旨在使产品，部件和材料始终保持最高效用和价值”。在同一份国家公路报告中，人们认识到，通过实施CE机会，可以实现成本，废物和碳的显着减少。因此，我们实现CE原则的能力的发展有助于实现到2040年实现净零维护和建设的国家公路目标。

It is self-evident that it issustainable practice, both commercially and environmentally, for any civil engineering project to minimise the required quantities of materials and to export minimal waste, whilst still achieving their relevant development objectives. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Governmental Statististical Service (2021) state that 62% of total UK waste is generated from construction, demolition and excavation. Much-needed improvements to material resources and waste management can be achieved using principles associated with a circular economy (CE), a well-recognised concept which is underpinned by a transition to renewable energy and materials. Inspired by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (n.d.), the definition adopted by National Highways et al. (2016) is "an industrial economy that is restorative by design, and which aims to keep products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times". In the same National Highways report it is recognised that by implementing CE opportunities significant reductions in cost, waste and carbon can be achieved. Hence developments in our ability to achieve CE principles contribute towards the National Highways goal of delivering net zero maintenance and construction by 2040.