The bordering of British homeownership - race and property in the nation of homeowners

英国正陷入住房危机，特别是影响年轻一代（“租房一代”）的住房拥有前景，这在某种程度上已经成为一个不言而喻的事实。但如果我们按种族来观察保有权的趋势，很明显，住房拥有率的下降并不是种族中立的。我自己对1991年人口普查和2017-19年度人口调查的比较显示，近几十年来，白色人的住房拥有率保持相对稳定，而印度和巴基斯坦的住房拥有率下降了约15个百分点。所有少数族裔的住房拥有率现在都低于白色人的住房拥有率，这与1990年代初的情况相比有了重大转变，当时印度、巴基斯坦和非洲裔亚裔社区的住房拥有率超过了白色家庭。重要的是，这种转变发生在英国人围绕房主形象重新定位身份之后。英国和盎格鲁文化圈的其他国家沿着倾向于将自己理解为一个典型的“房主社会”或“房主之国”（阿伦德尔和罗纳德，2021）。这些概念起源于两次世界大战之间的时期（弗朗西斯，2012年），但在20世纪后半叶，由于住房拥有率的上升和新自由主义的出现，这些概念在英国政治文化和自我认同中占据了更有影响力或更主流的地位（阿伦德尔和罗纳德，2021年）。在某种意义上，房主社会的概念仅仅描述了，或声称描述了英国的保有权分配。然而，在一个更基本的层面上，它代表或影响了英国身份的占有编码，在英国性的建设中占有精神的前景化。英国住房拥有率下降的种族动力是什么？这与世纪后半叶英国身份的所有权编码有什么关系？

It has become somewhat of a truism that Britain is in the grips of a housing crisis, affecting the homeownership prospects of younger cohorts ('Generation Rent') in particular. But if we look at trends in tenure by ethnicity, it is apparent that homeownership decline has not been race neutral. My own comparison of the 1991 Census and the 2017-19 Annual Population Survey reveals that white homeownership has remained relatively stable in recent decades, while rates of Indian and Pakistani homeownership have fallen by around 15 percentage points. All rates of minority homeownership are now lower than the white rate, a significant shift from the position in the early 1990s when homeownership levels within the Indian, Pakistani and African Asian communities exceeded those of white households. Critically, this shift has occurred in the wake of the reorientation of British identity around the figure of the homeowner. Britain, along with the rest of the Anglosphere, tends to understand itself and be understood as a quintessential 'homeowner society' or 'nation of homeowners' (Arundel and Ronald, 2021). These concepts have their roots in the interwar period (Francis, 2012), but assumed a more influential or mainstream position within British political culture and self-identity in the latter half of the twentieth century, buttressed by rising rates of homeownership and the advent of neo-liberalism (Arundel and Ronald, 2021). There is a sense in which the concept of a homeowner society merely describes, or purports to describe, the British tenure distribution. However, on a more fundamental level, it represents or effects the possessive coding of British identity, the foregrounding of a possessive ethos in the construction of Britishness. What are the racial dynamics of British homeownership decline? And how does this relate to the possessive coding of British identity in the latter half of the twentieth century?