After the Future Architecture and the Military Regime in Brazil

巴西现代主义建筑从早期发展起就受到了政治上的调和。从1935年里约热内卢标志性的教育和公共卫生部开始，到1960年新首都巴西利亚达到顶峰，这30年见证了巨大的技术创新，后来转化为所有可能规模的项目。在经济和人口增长的同时，建筑物、基础设施和城市的建设也增加了巴西“未来之地”的形象。然而，“冷战”给西方资本主义带来了共产主义威胁的恐惧。与之前的乐观情绪不同，20世纪60年代，美国支持的拉丁美洲国家发生政变，导致政治不稳定和危机。1964年至1985年，巴西军政府使用可疑的经济增长统计数据，为大规模建设和领土扩张辩护。然而，它对建筑的政治用途仍然不清楚，因为后来对独裁统治的反感意味着在这一时期仍然没有深入的巴西建筑史。因此，论文分析了巴西建筑如何应对军事统治期间的政治变化，追溯建筑、形象和建筑环境理念的方式，要么有助于塑造国家的愿景，以迎合政权的意图，要么作为抵抗的形式运行。在研究这段缺失的巴西建筑史时，这项研究试图通过建筑的镜头来解释这种背景，以及调查设计和政治之间的关系。

Brazilian modernist architecture was politically attuned since its early development. Starting in 1935 with the iconic Ministry of Education and Public Health in Rio de Janeiro and reaching a crescendo in 1960 with the new capital Brasilia, these three decades witnessed huge technological innovations, later translated into projects in all possible scales. Alongside economic and population growth, the construction of buildings, infrastructures and cities added to Brazil's image as the 'Land of the Future'.However, the 'Cold War' brought fears of communist threat to western capitalism. In contrast to previous euphoria, the 1960s saw coups d'état in Latin American countries endorsed by the USA that led to political instability and crisis. Brazil's military government from 1964-85 used dubious statistics of economic growth to justify large-scale construction and territorial expansion. Yet, its political use of architecture remains unclear, as later revulsion about the dictatorship means there is still no in-depth architectural history of Brazil in this period.The thesis therefore analyses how Brazilian architecture responded to political shifts during the military rule, retracing the ways in which buildings, images and ideas about the built environment either contributed to shaping the vision of the country in convenience with the regime's intentions or operated as forms of resistance. In examining this missing piece of Brazilian architectural history, the research seeks to provide an interpretation of this context as seen through the lens of architecture, as much as to investigate the relationship between design and politics.