Gendered carceral violence and struggles against environmental exploitation

在不列颠哥伦比亚省(BC)所谓的Ada‘itsx/仙女溪，围绕扩大伐木基础设施的持续冲突，是一个特别相关和中肯的网站，在那里探索我感兴趣的概念和方法问题。从Ada‘itsx/FairyCreek分水岭开始，蔓延到附近的雨林老生长区，自2020年初以来，土著社区及其盟友在Huu-ay-aht、Ditidaht和Pacheedaht领土(不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华岛)的森林中动员起来。为了应对这些地区不断增加和扩大的老树伐木，组织者封锁了伐木道路，以保护古老的森林，以应对激进的准军事反应(Meisner，2021)。尽管当地原住民正式宣布了他们治理家园的主权权利，最高法院先例承认了原住民的所有权，有证据表明公元前生物多样性和古老森林的脆弱性，以及大量证据表明工业劳动住房设施或男子营地的存在与附近社区对土著妇女的暴力行为增加之间的关联，但蒂尔·琼斯伐木公司已被授予继续发展的法院禁令(Meisner，2021年；MMIWG报告，2019年)。Ada‘itsx/仙女溪的采掘开发和动员为我的研究提供了丰富的背景，以研究伐木开发公司之间的错综复杂的关系，与开采和保护相关的定居者-国家政策，这一政策的纪律执行，以及加拿大资源采掘业的全球投资和金融资本流动。这一案例还提供了分析空间，以质疑定居者-加拿大项目采掘基础设施发展的历史，以及采掘地产生的纪律逻辑和定罪逻辑的空间层面。伐木开发和对这种开发的抵制提供了一个棱镜，通过它来探索资源采掘基础设施是如何组织的，并由持续的土著剥夺和种族灭绝、父权统治、资本主义剥削和囚禁的国家政权的逻辑来组织(Cowen，2020)。Ada‘isx/仙女溪冲突也为探索当代抵抗运动如何利用上述联系并要求补救的方式提供了一个空间。最后，该网站关于保护和环境治理方面的司法的核心争议是一个产生的案例，研究殖民财产概念如何在争议地点引发纠纷，以提取和塑造抵抗的刑事化。土著女权主义思想家提醒我，殖民不仅仅是关于被盗的土地，而是关于创造一种称为土地的东西，然后可以被偷走“(King等人，2020年，第16页)。这些思想家将殖民资本主义征服土地和自然资源的历史与加拿大黑人和土著妇女和性别酷儿社区的压迫、统治和非人性化联系起来(辛普森，2014；瓦茨，2015)。文学中异族宗法压迫、生态剥削和囚禁国家权力之间的这种关系突显了性别正义、废除、土地和环境正义之间的重叠关注。我想与这些学者以及批判的马克思主义、黑人研究和气候正义学者一起思考，进一步探索占有、所有权和商品化的性别逻辑是如何嵌入并通过提取基础设施再现的，就像在Ada‘isx/仙女溪发现的那样，在上述行为者和过程的驱动下，产生了性别囚禁的抽象景观(Todd，2017；McKitrick，2011)。

Ongoing conflict around expanding logging infrastructure at Ada'itsx/Fairy Creek in socalledBritish Columbia (BC), is a particularly relevant and pertinent site in which to explore theconceptual and methodological questions that interest me. Beginning around the Ada'itsx/FairyCreek watershed and spreading to nearby old growth sections of the rainforest, Indigenouscommunities and their allies have mobilized throughout the forests of Huu-ay-aht, Ditidaht, andPacheedaht territory (what is known as Vancouver Island, British Columbia) since early 2020. Inresponse to increasing and expanding old-growth logging in these territories, organizers haveblockaded logging roads to protect ancient forests in the face of an aggressive para-militaryresponse (Meisner, 2021). Despite formal declarations from local First Nations asserting theirsovereign rights to governance of their homelands, Supreme Court precedent acknowledgingaboriginal title, evidence demonstrating the fragility of biodiversity and ancient forests in BC, andample evidence of the correlation between the presence of industrial labour housing facilities or'man camps' and increased violence against Indigenous women in nearby communities, Teal Joneslogging company has been granted a court injunction to continue development (Meisner, 2021;MMIWG Report, 2019).Extractive development and mobilization at Ada'itsx/Fairy Creek provides a rich contextto ground my study of the entangled relationships between logging development corporations,settler-state policy related to extraction and conservation, the disciplinary enforcement of thispolicy, and circuits of global flows of investment and finance capital in Canada's resourceextractive industry. This case also provides analytical space to query the history of extractiveinfrastructure development in the settler-Canadian project, as well as the spatial dimensions of thedisciplinary and criminalizing logics that are produced at extractive sites. Logging developmentand resistance to this development provides a prism through which to explore how resourceextractive infrastructures organize and are organized by logics of ongoing Indigenousdispossession and genocide, patriarchal domination, capitalist exploitation, and carceral statepower (Cowen, 2020). The Ada'isx/Fairy Creek conflict also provides a space to explore the wayscontemporary resistance movements draw the aforementioned connections and demand redress thataccounts for these interconnections.Finally, a central dispute at this site regarding jusridiction, with respect to conservation andenvironmental governance, is a generative case in which to study how colonial notions of propertyanimate disputes at sites of contestation to extraction and shape the criminalization of resistance.Indigenous feminist thinkers remind me that colonization is not simply about stolen land, "butabout the creation of something called land that can then be stolen" (King et al., 2020, p.16). Thesethinkers draw connections between the history of colonial-capitalist conquest of land and naturalresources and the oppression, domination, and dehumanization of Black and Indigenous womenand gender queer communities in Canada (Simpson, 2014; Watts, 2015). This relationship in theliterature between heteropatriarchal oppression, ecological exploitation, and carceral state powerhighlights overlapping concerns between gender justice, abolition, land, and environmental justice.I want to think with these scholars, alongside critical Marxist, Black Studies, and climate justicescholars, to further explore how gendered logics of possession, ownership, and commodificationare embedded in and reproduced through extractive infrastructures, like those found at Ada'isx/Fairy Creek, driven by the aforementioned actors and processes to produce extractivelandscapes of gendered carceral domination (Todd, 2017; McKittrick, 2011).