Carceral Spaces and Punitive Mobilities: Re-examining Chinese migration in Colonial Maritime Southeast Asia, 1900-1957

监狱空间与惩罚性流动：重新审视 1900-1957 年东南亚沿海殖民地的华人移民

• 批准号: 2749487
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: London School of Economics and Political Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2749487
• 关键词: Carceral; Spaces; Punitive; Mobilities; Re

My proposed research approaches the research on Chinese migration in twentieth-century Southeast Asia from a hitherto new perspective, specifically through the prism of punitive policies. Focusing on the processes involved in the migratory process, the key issue to address is how did this play out in specific spatial sites, such as ships, plantations and internment camps, and specific mobilities, such as banishment and forced resettlements. My study involves a transnational approach that examines both intra- and inter-imperial movements that historically linked Chinese communities in Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements, Borneo in British Malaya and Sumatra in the Netherlands East Indies.Focusing on the migration of Chinese labour, this study stems from both historical concerns and historiographical insights surrounding the import of labour for the extractive economy in the colonies. The central preoccupation for colonial labour policy had hitherto been about securing a large labour supply. The management and control of labour was not merely effected through the passing of labour legislation and immigration ordinances, but mediated by quotidian practices in various spaces, such as ships, plantations, internment camps and the prisons. Viewing these spaces as 'carceral' not only highlights the practical aspect of curtailing the mobility of Chinese workers in the management of their labour, it supports growing evidence against the conflation of 'free' wage labour with commodification of labour in global labour history. The significance of these carceral spaces and controls over the intra- and inter-imperial movements of workers also did not diminish with the prohibition of Chinese indentured labour in the early twentieth century.This study also extends from recent historiographical development in histories of punishment, labour and imperial histories. Attending to the significances of punishment and penal transportation in the history of empires, there is a need to consider other forms of punitive mobilities beyond convict transportation, for the purpose of studying my topic. With the demographic and political changes in the European colonies in Southeast Asia in the twentieth century, the punitive regimes had to contend with both the threats posed by specific individuals and significant Chinese populations of an alien and 'criminal' disposition. Interpreting punitive mobility as a form of punishment necessarily means extending beyond the scope of the traditional criminal justice system, through considering how the uses of banishment and deportation for the individual, and forced resettlements of entire populations, interacted with incarceration in the colonial context. Central questions to be asked in my study include, but are not restricted to, the following: what did the formation and evolution of the carceral spaces reveal about the repression and negotiations in the construction of an 'incomplete' imperial sovereignty; how did the people within interpret these spaces and what strategies did they use to cope with their predicament; and how did the politics over punitive mobilities engage with wider political and security issues in the empires?Informed by debates within the field of global history, a micro-spatial approach will be adopted for the study of Chinese migration. The examination of individual localities and moments adopts the prism of the micro-analytical perspective to highlight the discontinuities and significance of local conditions in mediating the movements of Chinese people along the established migratory networks. This is integrated with a spatially aware perspective that emphasises the interconnectedness of the different global, regional and local scales. A qualitative analysis of specific 'carceral sites', and individuals and groups who were subjected to 'punitive mobilities' will be undertaken.

我提出的研究从迄今为止的新角度，特别是通过惩罚性政策的棱镜，研究了20世纪东南亚的中国移民的研究。关注迁移过程中涉及的过程，要解决的关键问题是如何在特定的空间场所（例如船舶，种植园和拘留所）以及特定的迁移术，例如放逐和强迫重新安置。我的研究涉及一种跨国方法，该方法研究了在历史上与联邦马来州的中国社区，海峡的环境联系，英属马来亚的婆罗洲和荷兰东部的苏门答腊的帝国社区，这项研究源于中国劳动的迁移，源于历史上的群体和历史悠久的经济学，围绕着围绕中国的经济学来实现，该研究源于中国的迁徙。迄今为止，殖民劳动政策的中心关注是要确保劳动力庞大。劳动的管理和控制不仅是通过通过劳工立法和移民条例的通过，还通过在各个空间（例如船舶，种植园，拘留所和监狱）中进行的Quotidian实践来介导的。将这些空间视为“ carceral”，不仅强调了减少中国工人在劳动管理方面的流动性的实际方面，而且还支持越来越多的证据反对“自由”工资劳动与全球劳动历史上劳动商品化的融为一体。在20世纪初期禁止中国契约劳动力的情况下，这些旋转空间和控制对工人内部和帝国间运动的重要性也并没有减少。这项研究还延伸了惩罚，劳动，劳动和帝国历史的历史发展。为了研究我的话题，遵守帝国历史上的惩罚和刑事运输的意义，需要考虑其他形式的惩罚性交通工具，以研究我的话题。随着20世纪欧洲东南亚欧洲殖民地的人口和政治变化，惩罚性政权必须与特定个人构成的威胁和重要的中国人口构成的威胁以及“犯罪”和“犯罪”的处置。将惩罚性流动性解释为一种惩罚形式，必须通过考虑如何在殖民地上与监禁相互作用，并考虑如何使用放逐和驱逐出境，并强迫整个人群的使用范围来扩展传统刑事司法系统的范围。在我的研究中要问的中心问题包括但不限于以下内容：旋塞空间的形成和演变是什么揭示了建造“不完整”的帝国主权的镇压和谈判；他们中的人们如何解释这些空间以及他们用哪些策略来应对困境？关于惩罚性流动性的政治如何与帝国的更广泛的政治和安全问题相关联？通过全球历史领域的辩论，将采用一种微空间的方法来研究中国移民的研究。对各个地方和时刻的检查采用了微分析观点的棱镜，以突出局部条件在介导中国人在既定的迁移网络沿线运动中的不连续性和意义。这是一种具有空间意识的观点，强调了不同的全球，区域和本地尺度的相互联系。对特定的“ carceral站点”的定性分析以及受“惩罚性迁移”的个人和团体将进行。