The Hippocampal System and Relational (Declarative) Memory Processes

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的总体目标是提高我们对陈述性记忆的关系性质，其对海马和相关内侧颞叶（MTL）结构的依赖性，以及其在支持人类表现的各个方面的作用的理解。拟议的工作结合了神经心理学，眼动，ERP和功能磁共振成像研究，在一个收敛的方法的方法，以解决一组特定的理论驱动的索赔和数据启发的问题的性质，范围和时间过程的关系记忆处理。它还测试了关于海马体与其他MTL记忆结构所扮演的不同角色的关键想法。有六个具体目标：（1）证明海马是所有关系的关系记忆绑定的中枢，包括空间、非空间共现和时间-顺序关系，超出对项目本身的记忆;（2）为了表明，虽然海马体在支持有意识的回忆中起着关键作用，并可能参与新奇事物的检测或处理，但海马体支持关系记忆，独立于有意识的回忆，甚至当项目的新奇是受控的：（3）表明海马是集中参与记忆的关系感知不同的对象，但不是在对象内的功能;（4）为了表明，尽管海马体参与了对所有关系的记忆的形成，但海马体（仅）对于任意的、偶然的关系的记忆是必要的，而不是非任意的，可导出的关系;（5）为了表明海马体即使在最短的滞后或延迟下对关系记忆也是至关重要的，即，（6）考察关系记忆加工各方面的时间进程。由海马体介导的记忆系统支持特定形式的记忆，这种记忆是对日常生活中的事件和需求的记忆的基础，同时，这种特定形式的记忆特别容易受到健忘症、阿尔茨海默病甚至正常衰老过程中的记忆功能障碍的影响。此外，海马体不仅与记忆丧失有关，还与精神分裂症和抑郁症有关。更好地理解这一关键系统将具有重大意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of the proposed research is to enhance our understanding of the relational nature of declarative memory, its dependence on the hippocampus and associated medial temporal-lobe (MTL) structures, and its role in supporting various aspects of human performance. The proposed work combines neuropsychological, eye movement, ERP, and fMRI studies, in a converging methods approach, to address a set of specific theory-driven claims and data-inspired questions about the nature, scope, and time course of relational memory processing. It also tests critical ideas about differential roles played by hippocampus vs other MTL memory structures. There are six specific aims: (1) To show that the hippocampus is centrally involved in relational memory binding of all manner of relations, including spatial, non-spatial co-occurrence, and temporal-sequential relations, above and beyond memory for the items themselves; (2) To show that although it plays a critical role in supporting conscious recollection and may participate in the detection or processing of novelty, the hippocampus supports relational memory, independent of conscious recollection, and even when item novelty is controlled for; (3) To show that the hippocampus is centrally involved in memory for relations among perceptually distinct objects, but not among features within objects; (4) To show that although it is involved in the formation of memory for all manner of relations, the hippocampus is necessary (only) for memory for arbitrary, accidental relations, not for non-arbitrary, derivable relations; (5) To show that the hippocampus is critical for relational memory even at the shortest lags or delays, i.e., even on the timescale of working memory; and (6) To examine the time course of aspects of relational memory processing. The memory system mediated by the hippocampus supports the particular form of memory that underlies remembering of the events and demands of everyday life, and, at the same time, the particular form of memory that is especially vulnerable to memory dysfunction in amnesia, in Alzheimer's disease, and even in the course of normal aging. Moreover, the hippocampus has been implicated not only in these instances of memory loss, but also in schizophrenia and depression. A better understanding of this critical system will have great significance.