The Development of Conduct Disorder in Girls

描述（由申请人提供）：目前没有关于女孩品行障碍发展的主要研究。因此，人们对乳糜泻的发育途径、其合并症以及可能解释有无合并症的风险和保护因素知之甚少。该建议是一项关于女孩品行障碍发展的5年随访研究的第二阶段（N= 2451）。在研究的第一阶段，从匹兹堡市的103238个家庭中随机抽取了5-8岁的女孩样本。每年随访的随机样本包括4个队列，分别为5岁、6岁、7岁和8岁的女孩（每个队列约600名），在研究中，最弱势社区的女孩的代表性略高，以增加最终的CD产量。到目前为止，这些女孩、她们的父母（通常是母亲）和她们的老师每年都要接受两次评估，第三次评估计划在第一阶段的第三年也是最后一年进行。在尚未完成的第二次评估中，参与者的配合度非常高（超过95%）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There are no major studies on the development of Conduct Disorder (CD) in girls. As a consequence, little is known about the developmental pathways to CD, its comorbid conditions, and risk and protective factors that might explain its development with or without comorbid conditions. This proposal is for Phase 2 of a five-year follow-up of a major study on the development of Conduct Disorder in girls (N=2,451). In Phase 1 of the study, a random sample of 5-8 year-old girls was drawn from the city of Pittsburgh though a enumeration of 103,238 households. The resulting random sample for yearly follow-up consisted of four cohorts of 5, 6, 7, and 8 year-old girls (about N=600 in each of the four cohorts), with a slight overrepresentation of girls in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods to increase the eventual yield of CD in the study. So far, the girls, their parent (usually the mother), and their teacher have been assessed twice at a yearly interval, and a third assessment is planned for the third and final year of Phase 1. Participant cooperation in the second assessment which is not yet completed has been very high (over 95%). In the proposed Phase 2 of the study, when the girls will be between the ages of 8 and 15, we plan to continue yearly assessments. We anticipate that during this period, the prevalence of CD will increase, as will the prevalence and severity of other disruptive behaviors including delinquency, internalizing problems, particularly depressed mood and PTSD, and symptoms of somatoform disorder. The aims of Phase 2 of the study are: 1) Examine the content, convergent and predictive validity of conduct problems and diagnosis of Conduct Disorder in girls; 2) Identify developmental models of Conduct Disorder and disruptive behavior; 3) Identify the role of comorbid problems in the development and course of conduct problems; and 4) Produce a model of risk and protective factors that is developmentally specific and that can explain why many problems in girls emerge and worsen after puberty.