Early Modern Architectural Imaginations, 1590-1630

从天堂般的新耶路撒冷到元宇宙，人们试图在建筑空间中整理杂乱的理想、想法和记忆。我的博士学位研究了16世纪末和17世纪初建筑的命题价值，探索了建筑在多大程度上被赋予了以类似于语言的方式表达思想的能力，以及文学文本的建筑品质。早期的现代传教士，如兰斯洛特·安德鲁斯和约翰·多恩，在这方面特别有帮助，考虑到布道和建筑环境之间的复杂关系。对于早期的现代传教士来说，文本的谨慎和某种程度上的公式化结构反映了教堂的谨慎和公式化结构。罗伯特·伯顿（Robert Burton）的《忧郁剖析》（Anatomy of Melancholy）也在建筑上进行了组织，每个分区都有图表地图，无尽的细分，并预先警告进入该区域是危险的。埃莉诺·维卡里（Eleanor Vicari）和玛丽·安·隆德（Mary Ann Lund）都认为伯顿具有牧师般的品质，这自然而然地使他与安德鲁斯和多恩展开了对话。然而，我不同意Vicari将伯顿的建筑视为“偶然的其他主题”的说法，因为在伯顿，重要的东西有多少可能是偶然的。这个问题对弗朗西斯·培根来说同样重要，他经常使用建筑隐喻来扩展他的知识范围。Nicholas West认为培根的父亲将家庭住宅设计为空间文本，而Paula Henderson和Michael Bath则描述了培根对建筑的实际兴趣。我将通过论证他的家庭塑造了培根知识驯化的形象来展开这项工作。这种物理空间与宗教和科学知识的想象性表现之间的循环交换，将是我研究的中心问题，这导致了我的第二个问题：作者对家庭、机构和宗教生活的沉迷如何影响了他们的工作？我的研究建立在莉娜·奥林（Lena Orlin）最近在《都铎王朝伦敦的隐私定位》（finding Privacy in Tudor London）一书中对早期现代私人生活的研究基础上，将这种对日常空间性的关注带到了当时一些最杰出的知识分子身上。安德鲁斯和伯顿一生中大部分时间都是在大学和机构中度过的，而培根和安德鲁斯（当他成为主教后）则是重要家庭的户主。我将研究每位作家如何塑造和驾驭他们的家庭、制度和宗教空间，以及这些如何影响他们的写作。第三，我将讨论如何将这些人物置于更广泛的关于隐私、世俗化以及知识和权力空间的理论框架中，同时又不忽视他们的文学和历史特殊性。在罗伯特·埃文斯的理论-历史方法的基础上，我将质疑伯顿、培根、多恩和安德鲁斯是如何遵从并颠覆米歇尔·福柯和查尔斯·泰勒所讲述的关于知识、权力和道德自我的空间性的（非常不同的）叙述的。通过持续关注建筑如何塑造自我，我的研究有助于当今关于开放式设计背景下的身份对话，开放式设计试图消除早期现代性引入的分区，但在某些方面加强了它们。我将使用博德利大学的伯顿档案，剑桥三一学院的培根档案和剑桥彭布罗克学院安德鲁私人图书馆的资料，以及大英图书馆的资料。我还将尽可能地为每位作者参观具有重要建筑意义的地点，特别是安德鲁和伯顿的教堂和学院，以及培根在Gorhambury的家的遗迹。这种档案和理论研究的结合适合于一个旨在更好地理解理论思想如何在物质现实中形成和表达的项目。

From the heavenly New Jerusalem to the Metaverse, people have attempted to order the ideals, ideas and memories which clutter the mind in architectural space. My DPhil examines the propositional value of architecture in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, exploring the extent to which buildings were granted the capacity to express ideas in a way analogous to language, as well as the architectural qualities of literary texts. Early modern preachers such as Lancelot Andrewes and John Donne are particularly helpful for this, given the complex relationship between a sermon and its architectural setting. For the early modern preacher, the careful and to some extent formulaic structuring of a text mirrors the careful, formulaic construction of a church.Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy is also organised architecturally, with diagrammatic maps at each partition, endless subdivisions, and forewarnings that sections are dangerous to enter. Eleanor Vicari and Mary Ann Lund both argue for Burton's pastoral, preacherly qualities in ways which naturally bring him into conversation with Andrewes and Donne. I would, however, dispute Vicari's dismissal of architecture in Burton as mostly "incidental to some other topic", given how much of what is important in Burton can appear incidental.This question is equally important for Francis Bacon, who often used architectural metaphors for his project of expanding the bounds of knowledge. Nicholas West argues that Bacon's father designed the family home as a spatial text, while Paula Henderson and Michael Bath describe Bacon's practical interest in architecture. I will develop this work by arguing that his family home shaped Bacon's images for the domestication of knowledge.This circular interchange between physical space and the imaginative representation of knowledge, both religious and scientific, would be a central concern of my research, leading to my second question: how did the authors' enmeshment in domestic, institutional and religious life influence their work? My research builds on the work on early modern private lives pursued recently by Lena Orlin in Locating Privacy in Tudor London, bringing this focus on quotidian spatiality to bear on some of the most prominent intellectual figures of the time. Andrewes and Burton spent most of their lives in collegiate, institutional settings, while Bacon and (when he became a bishop) Andrewes were the heads of important households. I will examine how each writer shaped and navigated their domestic, institutional and religious spaces, and how this affected their writing.Third, I will address how these figures can be placed in wider theoretical frameworks about privacy, secularisation and the spaces of knowledge and power, without losing sight of their literary and historical particularity. Expanding on Robert Evans' theoretical-historical approach, I will question how Burton, Bacon, Donne and Andrewes conform to and disrupt the (very different) narratives about the spatiality of knowledge, power and moral selfhood told by Michel Foucault and Charles Taylor. By giving sustained attention to how buildings shape the self, my research contributes to present-day conversations about identity in the context of open-plan designs which attempt to do away with the partitions introduced in early modernity but in some ways reinforce them.I will use the Burton archives at the Bodleian, the Bacon archives at Trinity College Cambridge and Andrewes' private library in Pembroke College Cambridge, as well as material in British Library. As far as possible, I will also visit architecturally significant sites for each author, especially Andrewes' and Burton's churches and colleges, and the remains of Bacon's home at Gorhambury. This combination of archival and theoretical research is appropriate to a project which seeks to better understand how theoretical ideas are shaped by and expressed in material reality.