The Shadows of Green Capitalism: Continuity or Change in Corporate Violence in the Extractive Sector?

该项目旨在了解采掘业新形式的企业暴力，特别是与“绿色转型”相关的暴力。“绿色转型”指的是推动风能和太阳能、电池驱动的汽车或能源储存解决方案等可再生能源的发展，以此作为消除对化石燃料依赖的一种方式(Whitmore，2021)。这种转变的关键是“绿色资本主义”的逻辑，它提出环境友好型政策是应对气候变化的“成本效益”方法(Rogers，2009)。这些“市场解决方案”以锂电池等新技术为核心，严重依赖于锂、钴或镍等矿物的开采。这一转变得到了联合国或世界银行等机构的支持，因此导致了“绿色”矿物的开采激增，特别是在资源丰富的地区，如拉丁美洲的“锂三角”(Váqueez，2020)。虽然矿产被誉为解决方案，但过渡的“阴影”及其与世界上对环境和人权捍卫者来说“最致命”的行业的联系仍然模糊不清。因此，公司行为，特别是针对采掘点附近社区和环境本身的暴力行为正在加剧。

This project aims to understand new forms of corporate violence in the extractive industry, particularly those tied to the 'green transition'. The 'green transition' refers to the push towards renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, battery driven vehicles or energy storage solutions, as a way to eliminate reliance on fossil fuels (Whitmore, 2021). Key to this transition is the logic of 'green capitalism' which proposes environmentally friendly policies as 'cost-effective' ways to combat climate change (Rogers, 2009). These 'market solutions' centre around new technologies, such as lithium batteries, and rely heavily on the extraction of minerals such as lithium, cobalt or nickel. The transition, which is supported by bodies such as the UN or the World Bank, has thus led to a surge in the extraction of 'green' minerals, especially in resource rich areas like Latin America's 'lithium triangle' (Vásquez, 2020). While minerals are celebrated as solutions, the 'shadows' of the transition and its ties to the world's 'deadliest' sector for environmental and human rights defenders remain obscured. Consequently, violence due to corporate conduct, especially against communities living near extractive sites, and the environment itself, is aggravating.