Early Speech Motor Development

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的主要目的是确定儿童在早期言语发育过程中获得的基本发音技能以及导致言语发育过程中个体差异的因素。具体目标是：（1）识别说话前口面行为的运动特征，（2）识别早期语音能力基础的发音表现的发展变化，（3）识别影响早期言语运动发育速率的说话者因素，以及（4）识别婴儿指导言语的发音特征。将对30名3至33个月大的儿童每3个月进行一次纵向研究。在每个年龄段，将收集orphantic性能，语音能力，颅面生长，接受和表达语言发展，和一般运动发展的措施。一个光学运动捕捉系统将被用来量化颅面大小和口面运动学的发展变化，为广泛的语言和非语言行为。还将在婴儿导向和成人导向的讲话期间从每个儿童的看护者收集口面运动学数据，以检查父母的发音风格和早期发音表现之间的潜在关系。潜在增长模型将被用来表征个人的发展模式，在语音和orphantic性能和量化的强度之间的关联增长率orphantic性能，语音能力，和技能在其他发展领域。本研究将为早期发音发育的发展过程以及生理、解剖和语言学过程对早期言语发育的影响提供必要的信息。这些规范性的描述将作为衡量言语运动障碍儿童的损伤程度的参考数据，并将提供发育适当的指导方针，以提高潜在的运动能力为重点的言语治疗。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary objective of this application is to identify essential oromotor skills that children obtain during early speech development and factors that contribute to individual variation in the course of speech development. The specific aims are (1) to identify the movement characteristics of prespeech orofacial behaviors, (2) to identify developmental changes in articulatory performance that underlie early phonetic ability, (3) to identify speaker factors that influence the rate of early speech motor development, and (4) to identify the articulatory characteristics of infant-directed speech. Thirty children will be studied longitudinally every 3 months from 3 to 33 months of age. At each age, measures of oromotor performance, phonetic ability, craniofacial growth, receptive and expressive language development, and general-motor development will be gathered. An optical motion-capture system will be used to quantify developmental changes in craniofacial size and orofacial kinematics for a wide range of speech and non-speech behaviors. Orofacial kinematic data will also be collected from each child's caregiver during infant-directed and adult-directed speech to examine the potential relationship between parental articulation style and early articulatory performance. Latent growth modeling will be used to characterize individual patterns of development in speech and oromotor performance and to quantify the strength of association between the rates of growth in oromotor performance, phonetic ability, and skills in other developmental domains. This study will provide essential information regarding the developmental course of early articulatory development and the influence of physiologic, anatomic, and linguistic processes on early speech development. These normative descriptions will serve as reference data for gauging the degree of impairment in children with speech motor disorders, and will provide developmentally appropriate guidelines for speech-treatment focused on improving underlying movement competencies.