Dynamic Cardiac SPECT Imaging

描述（由申请人提供）： 动态心脏单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）的发展有可能能够处理动态心脏门控数据，并提供一个敏感的措施，缺血和表征存活心肌与成像的多功能性的可用心脏放射性药物的全部设备。与静态研究相比，动态心脏SPECT具有获得更多和更好诊断信息的潜力，除了计算处理外，无需额外成本。该假设是，放射性示踪剂的药代动力学的估计比静态图像的视觉解释更敏感的心脏疾病的措施。拟议的工作将开发处理犬模型和患者中99 mTc-teboroxime和201 Tl的动态心脏SPECT数据的方法。将开发新的算法，重建心脏的生理动力学模型参数的3D图像，而没有来自动态采集的断层摄影投影的伪影。具体而言：1）用于从动态重建的SPECT数据或从心脏门控投影测量重建参数图像的算法，2）用于自动分割感兴趣区域和生成血液、心肌、肝脏和背景组织的时间活动曲线的算法，和3）将开发用于分析SPECT物理学和人体生理学对估计动力学参数的偏差和方差的影响的算法，从而产生缺血和存活心肌的更灵敏的测量。拟议的工作将开发应用数学工具，以准确和精确地量化动力学参数，并系统地评估这些方法与计算机模拟，犬实验和临床研究。目标是开发使用现有的单探测器和多探测器SPECT系统的方法;并且，在这样做时，使动态SPECT即使在仅具有单探测器SPECT系统并且因此不能执行快速采集的那些诊所中也是有用的。所开发的技术将通过更好地检测心肌梗死、更好地诊断缺血性心脏病和更好地评价组织活力而无需SPECT程序的额外成本来提供改善的医疗保健。开发的许多方法也适用于使用其他灌注剂（例如NOET、细胞凋亡剂膜联蛋白V、葡萄糖类似物（例如18 FDG）和脂肪酸（例如123 IPPA））对心肌进行成像。此外，这些技术将适用于成像肿瘤和其他器官系统，如肾脏和大脑。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The development of dynamic cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has the potential to be able to process dynamic cardiac gated data and to offer a sensitive measure of ischemia and to characterize viable myocardium with a versatility of imaging the full armamentarium of available cardiac radiopharmaceuticals. Dynamic cardiac SPECT holds forth the potential of acquiring more and likely better diagnostic information than static studies at no additional cost aside from computational processing. The hypothesis is that estimates of pharmacokinetics of radiotracers are more sensitive measures of cardiac disease than visual interpretations of static images. The proposed work will develop methods of processing dynamic cardiac SPECT data of 99mTc-teboroxime and 201Tl in canine models and patients. New algorithms will be developed that reconstruct 3D images of the physiological kinetic model parameters of the heart without artifacts from dynamically acquired tomographic projections. Specifically: 1) Algorithms for reconstructing parametric images either from dynamic reconstructed SPECT data or from cardiac gated projection measurements, 2) Algorithms for automatic segmentation of regions of interest and generation of time activity curves for blood, myocardial, liver, and background tissue, and 3) Algorithms for analysis of effects of SPECT physics and human physiology on the bias and variance of estimated kinetic parameters will be developed, thereby producing a more sensitive measure of ischemic and viable myocardium. The proposed work will develop applied mathematical tools to accurately and precisely quantify kinetic parameters and systematically evaluate these methods with computer simulations, canine experiments, and clinical studies. The goal is to develop methods that use existing single- and multi-detector SPECT systems; and, in so doing, make dynamic SPECT useful even in those clinics which have only single-detector SPECT systems and are thus not able to perform rapid acquisitions. The developed techniques will provide improved health care through better detectability of myocardial infarcts, better diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, and better evaluation of tissue viability without additional costs for the SPECT procedure. Many of the methods developed will also be applicable to imaging the myocardium with other perfusion agents such as NOET, apoptosis agent annexin V, glucose analogues such as 18FDG, and fatty acids such as 123IPPA. Also, these techniques will be applicable to imaging tumors and other organ systems such as kidney and brain.