Changing Dynamics of Anopheline Transmission of Malaria and Filariasis in Papua n

描述（由申请人提供）：目前，对蚊子控制疟疾的潜力的兴趣正在重新浮现，并且经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）的部署现在是联合国千年发展项目、世卫组织击退疟疾计划和总统疟疾倡议所阐述的计划的中心特征。虽然这些计划肯定会从先前的经验中获益，但重要的是要认识到，这些努力的设计往往基于数据维度，而这些数据维度并没有捕捉到景观变化、蚊子物种分布或病媒与它们传播的多种病原体的相互作用。这使我们得出一个总体假设，即以过度概括的景观和生态评估为指导的控制战略对所有嗜蚊物种都不够有效，也无法减少疟疾在高风险地区的负担。对于这个传染病生态学（EID）项目，我们的总体目标是提供深入了解的精细和中等规模的因素，有助于村与村之间的蚊媒寄生虫传播的风险差异，修改了并发的人为变化和其他当地环境因素。我们的研究设计将提供蚊子为基础的疾病控制的分析，在规模小于100平方公里的村庄聚集在复杂的蚊子和蚊媒疾病生态的特点设置。同时，基于系统的生态建模将评估人为变化，包括部署ITN和针对特定寄生虫物种的大规模药物管理，将如何影响按蚊媒介生态， 蚊子的分布和传播疟原虫（疟疾）或W. bancrofti（淋巴丝虫病）长期。该项目的具体目标是：1。评估并绘制属于A. punctulatus组根据潜在的景观异质性的植物，动物和人类社区在四个生态不同的网站在北方巴布亚新几内亚。2.检查蚊子和人类感染疟原虫和W. bancrofti在部署驱虫蚊帐的背景下，并与寄生虫特定的大规模药物管理（MDA）。3.通过一个既定的福格蒂国际中心全球传染病研究培训方案，促进和加强传染病生态学培训，以解决巴布亚新几内亚的重大公共卫生问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, interest is resurfacing in the potential of mosquito-based malaria control and the deployment of insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) is now a central feature of plans articulated by the United Nation's Millennium Development Project, WHO's Roll Back Malaria program, and the President's Malaria Initiative. While these programs are certain to gain from prior experience, it is important to acknowledge that the design of these efforts is often based on data dimensions that do not capture landscape variation, mosquito species distribution, or vectors' interactions with the multiple pathogens that they transmit. This leads us to an overall hypothesis that control strategies guided by overly generalized landscape and ecological assessments will not be sufficiently effective against all anthropophagic mosquito species, and will fail to reduce the burden of malaria in high-risk areas. For this Ecology of Infectious Disease (EID) project, our overall objective is to provide insight into the fine- and medium-scale factors that contribute to village-by-village risk differences for mosquito-borne parasite transmission, as modified by intercurrent anthropogenic change and other local environmental factors. Our study design will provide analysis of mosquito-based disease control among villages clustered within scales of < 100 km2 in settings characterized by complex mosquito and mosquito-borne disease ecology. Concurrent, systems-based ecological modeling will evaluate how anthropogenic changes, including deployment of ITN and mass drug administration targeting specific parasite species, will influence Anopheline mosquito vector ecology, distribution of mosquitoes, and transmission of Plasmodium species (malaria) or W. bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis) in the long term. Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Evaluate and map the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes belonging to the A. punctulatus group according to underlying landscape heterogeneity of plant, animal, and human communities in four ecologically different sites in northern PNG. 2. Examine the change in patterns of mosquito and human infection with Plasmodium species and with W. bancrofti in the context of deploying insecticide-treated bednets and in conjunction with parasite-specific mass drug administration (MDA). 3. Promote and strengthen training in infectious diseases ecology for significant public health problems in Papua New Guinea through an established Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training program.