The Unenfranchised: Political exclusion and the parliamentary representation of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK parliament.

该项目旨在了解政治弱势群体，特别是难民和寻求庇护者，如何以及在多大程度上在英国议会制度中得到代表。利用混合方法，这项研究将通过对难民在议会中的代表性进行实证评估，促进对英国民主理论和实践的了解。本项目将运用内容分析、社会网络分析(SNA)和半结构化访谈等先进的实证方法，围绕英国难民的政治代表性问题展开概念性辩论；一系列混合方法方法使本项目有助于我们对议会代表性的理解。该项目挑战了许多政治理论中的隐含假设，即只有那些有投票权的人才能在议会民主政体中获得代表。这一项目评估了当被代表的一部分仍未获得选举权时，政治代表的有效性。通过对议会发言、文本和更广泛的数据集的批判性分析，我将努力了解弱势群体--难民和寻求庇护者--的代表性。英国之所以被选为这项研究的对象，是因为它有着悠久的代议制议会民主传统，而且近年来关于难民的议会辩论也很突出。这项研究集中在代表和选民之间没有选举关系的代议制问题上，将自己置于代理代表制理论(SRT)文献中。以前的研究侧重于不受选区限制的选民问题的代表性；该项目旨在通过将这一概念应用于区内SRT，即那些没有资格投票但居住在议会区内的人，来填补文献中的空白。这项研究将从理论和经验上扩大我们对代表制的理解，并有效地评估代议制议会制度包容弱势少数群体的能力。我的研究建立在SRT的基础上，强调当我们将选民视为选民时，我们忽略了代表不能投票的选民的重要性。我拟议的研究将批判性地评估，与其他非议会代表难民的方法相比，议员作为正式民选代表如何实质性地代表难民，例如通过非政府组织的政治倡导。因此，这一项目将有助于现有的学术辩论，创造一种议会代表性的措施，意味着积极审议影响难民的问题。这将被衡量和定义为议员提问、提出早间议案、成为相关APPG的成员等事情。这些措施旨在量化国会议员的代表，以便更全面地了解难民在缺席时得到充分代表的程度。这将得到SNA等方法的补充，这种方法有助于建立复杂的互动图景，影响议员代表难民的可视化方式。在内容分析之后，将进行多元回归分析，以建立代表性的度量，这对帮助理解和分析很重要。这将通过对议会行为进行编码来量化，以便为回归分析生成国会议员级别的指标。将进行国会议员访谈，以便将关于议员代表难民问题程度的量化数据与议员作为代表的角色所阐述的叙述进行比较。研究目标：1.了解无选举权的人在议会民主中的代表情况。评估难民在英国议会中是否有足够的代表

This project aims to understand how and to what extent politically vulnerable groups, specifically refugees and asylum seekers, are represented in the UK parliamentary system. Utilising a mixed methods approach, this research will advance knowledge of democratic theory and practice in the UK by providing an empirical assessment of the parliamentary representation of refugees. This project will apply conceptual debates about representation and democracy framed around an inquiry into the political representation of refugees in the UK using advanced empirical methods such as content analysis, social network analysis (SNA) and semi-structured interviews; a series of mixed methods approaches enables this project to contribute to our understanding of parliamentary representation.This project challenges the implicit assumption in much political theory that only those with the right to vote can be represented in parliamentary democracies. This project assess how effective political representation is when a part of the 'represented' remain unenfranchised. Through the critical analysis of parliamentary speeches, texts and a wider dataset, I will seek to understand the representation of a vulnerable unenfranchised group, refugees and asylum seekers. The UK has been chosen for this study because of its long established tradition of representative parliamentary democracy and the salience of parliamentary debates about refugees in recent years.This project situates itself in the surrogate representation theory (SRT) literature by focussing on the question of representation where there is no electoral relationship between representatives and constituents. With previous studies focusing on the representation of voter issues that are not limited by constituencies; this project aims to plug a gap in the literature by applying the concept to within-district SRT, that is those who are not eligible to vote but who reside within a parliamentary district. This study will expand our understanding of representation theoretically and empirically and effectively evaluate the capacity of the representative parliamentary system to be inclusive of vulnerable minorities. My research builds on SRT by emphasising that when we think of constituents as voters we miss the importance of representing constituents who cannot vote.My proposed research will critically evaluate how MPs as formally elected representatives substantively represent refugees in comparison to other non-parliamentary methods of representing refugees, such as through political advocacy by NGOs. This project will therefore contribute to the existing scholarly debate by creating a measure of representation in parliament to mean active consideration of issues that affect refugees. This will be measured and defined as things such as MPs asking questions; proposing early day motions; being a member of a relevant APPG. These measures are aimed at quantifying MP representation in order to gain a fuller picture of the extent to which refugees are represented adequately in absentia.This will be complemented by methods such as SNA which is useful for building complex pictures of interactions that affect the way in which an MP represents refugees to be visualised. Multivariate regression analysis will be conducted following on from the content analysis to build a measure of representation, this is important to aid understanding and analysis. This will be quantified by coding parliamentary behaviour in order to generate MP level metrics for regression analysis. MP interviews will be conducted so a comparison can be drawn between the quantitative data analysed about the extent to which MPs represent refugee issues, and the narrative that MPs articulate in their role as a representative.Research objectives:1.To understand how the unenfranchised are represented in a parliamentary democracy.2. To evaluate if refugees are adequately represented in the UK parliament drawing o