Physiological and molecular interplay between stress and immune responses in Atlantic salmon

水产养殖是世界上发展最快的人类食品部门。全球养殖鱼类和贝类的消费量已超过野生捕捞渔业的消费量，进一步增长对改善全球人类粮食安全至关重要。目前，英国大西洋鲑鱼产业每年为英国经济创造18亿英镑的价值。然而，减少水产养殖实践中的压力和提高鱼类生长和抗病性是提高可持续性和行业增长需要解决的关键挑战。与鱼类处理相关的压力导致免疫抑制和疾病易感性增加，压力和免疫反应之间的串扰尚未完全了解。因此，该项目将利用生理学和尖端分子方法来更深入地了解健康和疾病期间的压力和免疫相互作用。新的数据将有助于查明基因标记，以帮助为鱼类管理实践中的未来压力和疾病缓解策略提供信息。我们实验室最近的结果已经开始揭示鱼的免疫和压力的相互作用。本博士将使用全动物和细胞培养模型来研究（非）感染性应激源以及关键应激激素和免疫蛋白如何分别影响免疫细胞和内分泌细胞。体外和体内工作将结合单细胞转录组测序（scRNA-Seq），结合生理和最先进的分子技术。scRNA-Seq将区分鱼在不同生理条件下的免疫和应激激素产生细胞，从而深入了解鱼在健康和疾病期间免疫-内分泌的相互作用。该项目与大西洋鲑鱼产量的提高高度相关，并与位于阿伯丁和斯特林的苏格兰鱼类免疫学研究中心（SFIRC）现有的合作项目联系在一起。该项目将由阿伯丁大学的霍兰德博士和马丁教授以及斯特林大学的莫纳汉博士监督。SFIRC是鱼类免疫学领域的全球领导者，专注于鱼类健康、宿主-病原体相互作用和营养，使用最先进的功能基因组学，包括阿伯丁基因组生物学和医学中心提供的scRNA-Seq。SFIRC实验室配备了生理、细胞和分子方法，并拥有最先进的水族馆和病原体挑战设施。优秀的培训机会在细胞培养，分子和生理技术，包括呼吸测量，组织学，qRT-PCR和酶为基础的测定血清激素水平的分析。所有培训需求将由项目团队提供，包括阿伯丁生物信息学和其他所需课程。参考文献：(1)Castro R，邹志，Secombes CJ, Martin， SAM（2011）。皮质醇调节虹鳟鱼巨噬细胞中炎症基因表达的诱导。[2]张玉华，张玉华；尹,年代;肖,年代;de Paiva Alves， E；王,B;气,Z;冈,B;Hartikainen H;Secombes CJ;荷兰，JW（2021）。比较转录组学和宿主特异性寄生虫基因表达谱为增殖性肾病的驱动因素提供信息。科学通报，11,2149。(3)西部，AC；Mizoro Y;木材、SH;因斯,LM;球队,M;约根森,嗯;省、T;Sandve老;马丁,山姆;Loudon ASI;Hazlerigg， DG（2021）。大西洋鲑鱼鳃的单核转录组学免疫学分析。免疫学前沿，第12期，第669889号。(4)张玉成，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，张志强，等。鱼类学报，2019;42(10):1433-1446。doi: 10.1111 / jfd.13073。Epub 2019 8月20日PMID: 31429104。

Aquaculture is the fastest growing human food sector worldwide. Global consumption of farm produced fish and shellfish has exceeded that from wild capture fisheries with further growth being crucial to the improvement of human food security globally. The UK Atlantic salmon industry is currently worth > £1.8 Billion per year to the UK economy. However, reduction of stress in aquaculture practices and improved fish growth and disease resilience are key challenges that need to be addressed to improve sustainability and industry growth. Stress associated with fish handling leads to suppressed immunity and increased disease susceptibility, with crosstalk between stress and immune responses not fully understood. This project will, therefore, utilize physiological and cutting-edge molecular approaches to gain a deeper understanding of stress and immune interactions during health and disease. New data will help pinpoint gene markers that to help inform on future stress and disease mitigation strategies in fish management practices.Recent results from our lab have begun to unravel fish immune and stress interactions. This PhD will use whole animal and cell culture models to investigate (non)infectious stressors and how key stress hormones and immune proteins influence immune and endocrine cells respectively. In vitro and in vivo work will incorporate single cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-Seq) combining physiological and state-of-the-art molecular techniques. scRNA-Seq will differentiate fish immune and stress hormone-producing cells under different physiological conditions, enabling a deep understanding of fish immune-endocrine interactions during health and disease.This project is highly relevant to the improvement of Atlantic salmon production and links to existing collaborative projects at the Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC) at Aberdeen and Stirling. The project will be supervised by Dr Holland and Prof Martin at University of Aberdeen and Dr Monaghan at University of Stirling. SFIRC is a world leader in fish immunology with a focus on fish health, host-pathogen interactions and nutrition using state-of-the-art functional gemomics, including scRNA-Seq available within Aberdeen's Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine. SFIRC labs are equipped for physiological, cellular, and molecular approaches with access to state-of-the-art aquarium and pathogen challenge facilities. Excellent training opportunities are available in cell culture, molecular and physiological techniques, including respirometry, histology, qRT-PCR, and enzyme-based assays to determine serum hormone levels. All training needs will be provided by the project team, including bioinformatics at Aberdeen and other courses as required.References:(1) Castro R, Zou Z, Secombes CJ, Martin, SAM (2011). Cortisol modulates the induction of inflammatory gene expression in a rainbow trout macrophage cell line. Fish & shellfish immunology 30 (1), 215-223(2) Faber, M; Yoon, S; Shaw, S; de Paiva Alves, E; Wang, B; Qi, Z; Okamura, B; Hartikainen, H; Secombes, CJ; Holland, JW (2021). Comparative transcriptomics and host-specific parasite gene expression profiles inform on drivers of proliferative kidney disease. Scientific Reports, 11, 2149.(3) West, AC; Mizoro, Y; Wood, SH; Ince, LM; Iversen, M; Jorgensen, EH; Nome, T; Sandve, SR; Martin, SAM; Loudon, ASI; Hazlerigg, DG (2021). Immunologic profiling of the Atlantic salmon gill by single nuclei transcriptomics. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, Art No: 669889.(4) Chang YC, Hamlin-Wright H, Monaghan S, Herath T, Baily J, Del Pozo J, Downes J, Preston A, Chalmers L, Jayasuriya N, Bron JE, Adams A, Fridman S. Changes in distribution, morphology and ultrastructure of chloride cell in Atlantic salmon during an AGD infection. J Fish Dis. 2019 Oct;42(10):1433-1446. doi: 10.1111/jfd.13073. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31429104.