Rural Labour Markets: Local Multipliers and Agglomeration Spillovers

发达国家25%的人口生活在农村地区。然而，近几十年来，社会科学家主要关注城市。因此，关于农村地区的文献有限。尽管最近的研究表明，农村地区的就业增长存在巨大差异，但这些地区劳动力市场动态的驱动因素仍不清楚。我的研究计划旨在使用意大利的数据，研究农村劳动力市场的当地乘数和集聚溢出效应。地方乘数可以定义为在存在特定类型的经济活动的情况下，为地方经济积累的额外经济效益。例如，如果一个地区创造了一个新的工作岗位，当地经济就会从企业支出和工人支出的增加中受益。因此，乘数效应导致其他当地产业也受益。集聚溢出效应被定义为当企业和人员在一个特定的地理区域内彼此靠近时所带来的利益。在集聚溢出效应存在的情况下，农村地区可以分享中间投入的生产者和劳动力，从而降低生产成本和搬迁成本。此外，由于知识共享和技能匹配的改善，企业以更低的成本和更高的利润经历了更高的创新（O'Sullivan，第9版）。在我的研究的第一部分，我将研究当地乘数效应在农村劳动力市场利用需求冲击的食品和饮料行业的制造业。第二部分，我将研究集聚溢出效应。我的研究设计利用了对中小企业和手工作坊的冲击。我将使用与文献相反的过程，它倾向于利用公司进入。我将研究企业倒闭对当地劳动力市场的影响，以探索去集聚溢出效应在多大程度上影响劳动力市场，并导致当地生产率下降和成本增加。研究结果将为政府和政策制定者提供有关外围地区劳动力市场动态驱动因素的信息，并有助于解决我们在知识方面的一个重要空白。

Twenty-five percent of the population in developed countries, lives in rural areas.However, social scientists have largely focused on cities in recent decades. As a result, thereis a limited literature on rural areas. Although recent research documents large differences inemployment growth across rural areas, the drivers of labour market dynamics in these areasare still unclear. My research proposal aims to study local multipliers and agglomerationspillovers in rural labour markets, using data for Italy. Local multipliers can be defined as theadditional economic benefit that accrue to the local economy in the presence of a particulartype of economic activity. For example, if a new job is created in an area, the local economybenefits from an increase in both the spending of the firm and the spending of workers. As aresult, the multiplier effect leads to other local industries to benefit as well. Agglomerationspillovers are defined as the benefits that come when firms and people locate near oneanother together in a given geographic area. In the presence of agglomeration spillovers,rural areas can share intermediate input producer and labour pool, with a resulting decreasein cost of productions and relocation costs. Also, thanks to shared knowledge and improvedskills matching, firms experience higher innovation with lower costs and higher profits(O'Sullivan, 9th Edition). In the first strand of my research, I will study local multiplier effectsin rural labour market exploiting demand shocks for the manufacturing of food and beverageindustry. In the second strand, I will study agglomeration spillovers. My research designexploits shocks to SMEs and artisanal workshops. I will use an inverse process compared tothe literature, that tends to exploit firm entry. I will investigate the local labour market effectof firm destruction to explore the extent to which de-agglomeration spillovers affect thelabour market and lead to decrease in productivity and increase in costs at local level. Thefindings will inform governments and policy makers about drivers of labour market dynamicsin peripheral areas and help to address an important gap in our knowledge.