Indigenous Future-making versus the Westminster-modelled State: Exploring the Joys, Pains and Dreams of Maya women and Youth (on their terms)

摘要：土著社区继续受到消极的种族化，并面临结构性暴力。特别是，居住在伯利兹南部托莱多地区的玛雅人，一直在西方发展模式所引发的冲突中，西方发展模式促进采矿，伐木，支持资本主义进程，表明自然资源出口的采掘业。批判性的学术研究认为，资本主义通过西方的发展进行榨取，与殖民权力的持续要素相对应。研究还表明，传统的西部发展对土著社区，特别是妇女和青年的福祉产生了负面影响。这场发展冲突给玛雅人民带来的后果是得不到充分的保健服务、野生动物遭到破坏、获得传统药物的机会受限、土著传统受到威胁。国家权力的巩固、殖民资本主义和威斯敏斯特模式的治理导致了对自由、事先和知情同意的侵犯，土地获取的减少，恢复力的降低，基于性别的暴力和企图消灭文化身份。该地区需要更多关于原住民妇女与青年经验与关切的资料，此计划有助于批判以西方为中心的资本主义发展模式的理论对话，并以玛雅人民争取自治的经验文献为基础。本研究将通过对伯利兹玛雅社区的参与性研究，为土著自决、基层发展、种族化的社会空间过程和可持续未来的建设做出贡献。通过合作和以社区为基础的方法，我将探索经验，与土地的关系，以及玛雅妇女和青年的幸福概念。这项研究的影响直接旨在提高玛雅人对玛雅社区成员的条件和偏好的认识。我的项目将突出玛雅妇女和青年的政治机构，通过基于欲望的方法，通过优先考虑尊重，负责任，互惠和相关性（“4r”）与土著人民的研究，照亮他们的快乐，梦想和斗争。我的研究得到了玛雅领袖联盟和朱利安·赵协会的支持——这些组织的动机是维持长期的福祉，并动员社区为他们的权利、教育和研究活动。该项目的定性设计包括参与行动和民族志方法，主要是摄影声音，基于艺术的设想，步行访谈，焦点小组和集体反思。这些方法将由50名玛雅人参加，在伯利兹进行长期的实地工作。通过探索玛雅妇女和青年的个人故事和现实，利用基于梦境的方法，在研讨会和ab'ink（公共集会）的背景下，数据将强调土著经验。框架将对伯利兹的威斯敏斯特模式国家进行批判性的审讯。福柯的话语将与解放的后殖民批判进行对话，以分析国家权力和土著治理。从非殖民化和土著文学中汲取灵感，将对新自由主义治理和以西方为中心的发展对玛雅现实的影响进行批判。这项研究将说明玛雅社区的生活经历和“梦想”的未来（根据他们的条件和偏好），他们正在回应殖民资本主义现代性和威斯敏斯特模式的国家。

Abstract: Indigenous communities continue to be negatively racialised and are exposed to structural violence. Particularly, Maya peoples residing in Belize's southern Toledo District persist in conflicts provoked by the Western developmental paradigm that promotes mining, logging in support of capitalist processes that are indicative of extractive industries for natural resource exportation. Critical scholarship has identified capitalist extraction via Western development to correspond with sustained elements of colonial power. Research also illustrates that conventional Western development negatively impacts the wellbeing of Indigenous communities, particularly women and youth. Outcomes of this developmental conflict for Maya peoples are inadequate access to health services, wildlife destruction, restrained access to traditional medicines, threats to Indigenous traditions. Consolidation of state power, colonial-capitalism, and Westminster-modelled governance has led to violations of Free, Prior and Informed Consent, reduction in land access, reduced resilience, gender-based violence and attempted annihilation of cultural identities. More data about experiences and concerns of Indigenous women and youth is required within the region - this project contributes to theoretical conversations in critique of Western-centric paradigms for capitalist development and builds on empirical literature surrounding the Maya peoples struggle for autonomy. This research will contribute to scholarship on Indigenous self-determination, grassroots development, socio-spatial processes of racialization, and construction of sustainable futures via participatory research with Maya communities in Belize. Through collaborative and community-based methods, I will explore experiences, relationships with land, and conceptions of wellbeing specifically for Maya women and youth. This research's impact directly aims to raise awareness of Maya on the terms and preferences of Maya community members. My project will highlight the political agency of Maya women and youth by illuminating their joys, dreams and struggles via desire-based approaches that prioritise Respect, Responsibly, Reciprocity and Relevance (the '4 R's) in relation to research with Indigenous people. My research is supported by the Maya Leaders Alliance and the Julian Cho Society - organisations motivated to sustain the long-term wellbeing, and mobilization of communities for their rights, education, and research initiatives. The projects qualitative design includes participatory action and ethnographic methods, primarily photovoice, art-based envisioning, walking interviews, focus groups, and collective reflection. These methods will be undertaken with 50 Maya participants over an extended period of fieldwork in Belize. Through exploring personal stories and realities of Maya women and youth by utilising dream-based methods within the setting of workshops and ab'inks (communal assemblies), data will emphasise Indigenous experience. Framing will develop a critical interrogation of Belize's Westminster-modelled state. Foucauldian discourse will be put into conversation with emancipatory postcolonial critique to analyse state power and Indigenous governance. Drawing from decolonial and Indigenous literature will build critique on the way Maya realities are impacted by neoliberal governmentality and Western-centric development. This research will illustrate the lived experiences and "dreamed-of" futures of Maya communities (on their terms and preferences) who are responding to colonial-capitalist modernity and a Westminster-modelled state.