Nature based solutions to design multifunctional landscapes for people and nature

土地利用变化是生物多样性格局变化的关键驱动力，对生态过程和生态系统功能产生影响。为了应对土地利用变化带来的挑战和后果，提出了基于自然的解决方案(NBS)，作为造福人类和生物多样性的关键战略。通过恢复和管理生态过程，国家统计局改善生态系统的良好运作，促进自然对人类的多重贡献(NCP)。然而，在国家统计局的有效性以及如何最好地实施和推广这些机制方面，仍然存在重大的知识差距。该项目旨在了解实施国家支持系统的社会生态成果，如农林复合系统和重新开垦，以及它们在促进多功能景观方面的作用。将结合遥感技术和参与性办法，在时空尺度上评估国家臭氧机构对生态系统功能和提供国家清洁生产方案的影响。通过以地中海生态系统为例，该项目将评估国家生态系统对景观多功能性的影响，并从社会生态角度阐明国家生态系统在恢复景观方面的有效性相关的关键问题。最终，该项目将提供关于国家统计局的经验科学证据，以支持关于扩大恢复计划、土地管理计划和政策的实施主张。

Land use changes are a key driver of biodiversity pattern's change with impacts on ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. To address the challenges and consequences driven by land use changes, Nature-based solutions (NbS) are presented as key strategies with benefits to both people and biodiversity. Through the restoration and management of ecological processes, NbS improve the well-functioning of ecosystems and promote multiple Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). However, major knowledge gaps still remain on the effectiveness of NbS and how to best implement and up-scale them. This project aims to understand the socio-ecological outcomes of the implementation of NbS, such as agroforestry systems and rewilding, and their role in promoting multifunctional landscapes. The impact of NbS on ecosystem functioning and on the provisioning of NCP will be assessed over spatio-temporal scales through a combination of remote sensing technology and participatory approaches. By using Mediterranean ecosystems as a case study, this project will evaluate the impacts of NbS on landscape multifunctionality and shed light into key questions related with NbS effectiveness in restoring landscapes from a socio-ecological perspective. Ultimately, the project will contribute with empirical scientific evidence on NbS to support implementation claims on up-scaling restoration plans, land management schemes and policies.