SPECTRAL SIGNATURES OF STRUCTURAL INHOMOGENEITIES ON FOLDING

描述（改编自申请人的描述）： 该项目的主旨是开发和采用突破性的方法，使用红外光谱法研究生物大分子。 发展将包括用于确定结构变化动力学的核磁共振光谱学的红外类似物;用于研究蛋白质酰胺I和N-H伸缩模式的外差二维和三维红外方法;红外脉冲泵/探测方法，以及确定肽和蛋白质中遥远的C=O和N-H或O-H基团之间能量传递的方法;测量和解释红外光子回波和振动频率相关函数的方法，这对于理解二维红外所需的响应函数是必不可少的;仪器，以推进与红外相关的T跳跃，以及通过多路红外探测的混合动力学方法;使用中间体的IR探针的T-跳跃和混合方法;使用单分子荧光方法检查蛋白质和其他组件（如细胞）的平衡波动和动力学的固定化技术;通过光学和红外方法探测的研究生物系统中超快光诱导过程的方法。 有许多合作项目旨在推动正在开发的技术。 这些研究涉及反应中心、视紫红质和细菌视紫红质、核糖体和t-RNA、LH 2单组装和太赫兹带间跃迁、五肽二维红外、钙调蛋白、NO-肌红蛋白、310螺旋、单卷曲螺旋、蛋白质折叠和去折叠、？螺旋2D IR，白细胞介素5，？-干扰素、单离子通道、细胞色素-c海藻糖、蓝蛋白阵列、作为构象探针的腈、三重态单体、DNA碱基序列探针和快速混合折叠研究。 在超快光学和红外光谱、二维和单分子光谱、DNA解旋酶、蛋白质折叠、丝氨酸蛋白酶-丝氨酸蛋白酶相互作用、激光诱导的pH调节、卟啉电子转移、化学传感器、螺旋-线圈转换、核糖核苷酸还原酶、捕光自组装和NorFES单肽研究等领域提出了服务项目。 资源组织预计每年出版两份通讯。 除了定期的研讨会外，他们还将举办多维光谱学研讨会和红外激光光谱学进展研讨会。 该资源将培训访问教师研究人员，博士后，研究生和本科生在应用激光生物学。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the applicant's description): The thrust of the project is to develop and employ ground-breaking methods in the use of infrared spectroscopy for the study of biological macromolecules. Developments will include infrared analogues of NMR spectroscopy for the determination of the dynamics of structure change; heterodyned 2D and 3D IR methods for study of amide I and N-H stretch modes of proteins; pump/probe methods with IR pulses, and methods to determine energy transport between remote C=O and N-H or O-H groups in peptides and proteins; methods to measure and interpret IR photon echoes and vibrational frequency correlation functions essential for understanding the response functions needed for 2D IR; instrumentation to advance T-jumps associated with IR, and of mixing kinetic methods by multiplexing infrared detection; T-jumps and mixing methods using IR probes of the intermediates; immobilization techniques to examine equilibrium fluctuations and kinetics of proteins, and other assemblies such as cells, using single-molecule fluorescence methods; methods to study ultrafast light-induced processes in biological systems probed by optical and infrared methods. There are numerous collaborative projects designed to push the technologies being developed. These involve studies on reaction centers, rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, the ribosome and t-RNA, LH2 single assemblies and terahertz band-to-band transitions, pentapeptide 2D IR, calmodulin, NO-myoglobin, 310 helicies, single coiled-coils, folding and unfolding of proteins, ?-helix 2D IR, interleukin 5, ?-interferon, single ion channels, cytochrome-c trehalose, prophyrin arrays, nitrile as a probe of conformations, triplet state singles, DNA base sequence probes, and rapid-mixing folding studies. There are service projects proposed in ultrafast optical and infrared, two-dimension and single -molecule spectroscopy, in areas of DNA helicases, protein folding, serpin-serine protease interaction, laser-induced pH juimps, porphyrin electon transfer, chemosensors, helix-coil transitions, ribonucleotide reductase, light-harvesting self assembly, and NorFES single peptide study. The Resource expects to publish two newsletters each year. Besides regular seminars they will hold a synmposium on multidimensional spectroscopies and a workshop in advances in infrared laser spectroscopy . The Resource will train visiting faculty researchers, post doctorals, and graduate and undergraduate students in the applicaitons of lasers to biology.