HOW CHILDHOOD FACTORS AMPLIFY RISKS OF HEAVY ALCOHOL USE

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的主要目标是研究青少年大量饮酒的纵向影响，并确定儿童和青少年时期的危险因素，这些因素放大或最小化了大量饮酒对成人地位实现、家庭角色和健康的影响。基于对酒精使用的病因和后果的生命发展观点，本提案寻求资金对两项正在进行的全国性纵向研究进行二次数据分析，这些研究对英国人进行了从出生到中年的跟踪调查。具体目标是：(1)确定预测青春期大量饮酒的儿童和青少年风险因素（如社会劣势、家庭关系、学业成绩）以及从青春期到成年中期的酒精使用轨迹；(2)检查青春期大量饮酒对成年早期和中期的影响，重点关注在教育和就业、家庭角色和身心健康方面的成人地位实现；(3)确定儿童期和青春期因素放大或减小（缓和）青少年重度饮酒对成年后社会地位、家庭角色和健康的影响。国家儿童发展研究和英国队列研究代表了无与伦比的科学资源，结合了主要的方法优势：具有全国代表性的样本，包括各种社会经济背景；纵向设计，从出生到中年都有很强的保留力；以及多信息来源和多方法的数据，包括来自家长、老师和参与者的报告，以及认知测试、医疗评估和国家考试数据。据推测，早期风险会增加在地位获得、家庭角色和身心健康等领域遭受酒精相关伤害的可能性。特别是，具有更大社会人口、家庭和个人风险的儿童预计更容易受到青少年酗酒风险的影响，因为他们在发展过程中作为社会心理资源的人力、社会和个人资本较少。主要的分析策略将是多元回归、纵向多层次模型和使用倾向分数的因果分析。该研究通过确定在向成年过渡期间最有可能从预防和其他援助中受益的个人特征，与酒精使用病因学和社会政策直接相关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The major goals of the proposed study are to study longitudinal effects of heavy alcohol use in adolescence, and to identify childhood and adolescent risk factors that amplify or minimize the impact of heavy drinking on adult status attainment, family roles, and health. Based on a life span developmental perspective on the etiology and consequences of alcohol use, this proposal seeks funds to conduct secondary data analyses on two ongoing national longitudinal studies of British individuals who have been followed from birth through midlife. Specific aims are: (1) to identify child and adolescent risk factors (e.g., social disadvantage, family relations, academic performance) that predict heavy alcohol use in adolescence and trajectories of alcohol use from adolescence through middle adulthood; (2) to examine early and middle adult consequences of heavy alcohol use during adolescence, focusing on adult status attainment in education and employment, family roles, and physical and psychological health; and (3) to identify childhood and adolescent factors that amplify or minimize (moderate) the impact of adolescent heavy drinking on status attainment, family roles, and health in adulthood. The National Child Development Study and the British Cohort Study represent unparalleled scientific resources combining major methodological strengths: nationally representative samples including a full range of socio-economic backgrounds; longitudinal designs with strong retention from birth through midlife; and multi-informant and multi-method data, including reports from parents, teachers, and participants, as well as cognitive tests, medical assessments, and national exam data. Early risk is hypothesized to increase the likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related harm in the domains of status attainment, family roles, and physical and psychological health. In particular, children with greater sociodemographic, family, and individual risk are expected to be more vulnerable to the risks of adolescent heavy drinking as they will have less human, social, and personal capital to serve as psychosocial resources during development. Primary analytic strategies will be multiple regression, longitudinal multi-level models, and causal analyses using propensity scores. The research has direct relevance for alcohol use etiology and for social policy, by identifying characteristics of individuals most likely to benefit from preventive and other assistance during the transition to adulthood.