Domestic Violence, Child Security & Child Mental Health

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然伴侣间暴力增加了儿童对心理健康问题的脆弱性，但人们对正在展开的调解机制以及有助于形成家庭暴力与儿童适应不良之间潜在关联的多种途径的增强和保护条件知之甚少，特别是在幼儿期。为了解决这些差距，我们的广泛目标是确定参与家庭暴力和幼儿的情绪安全理论的框架内的适应之间的联系的途径。 我们的具体目标包括：（1）研究直接接触伴侣关系和父母教养困难是否在伴侣暴力和儿童适应不良之间起中介作用;（2）检验假设，即父母教养困难和接触破坏性伴侣关系的中介作用进一步解释为儿童难以在伴侣关系和亲子关系中保持情感安全;（3）绘制儿童情绪安全感，阶段性任务的解决和心理健康之间的发展相互作用;（4）描绘家庭特征如何改变家庭过程，儿童情绪安全感和儿童心理健康之间的路径。 250名在与伴侣的关系中经历过一系列暴力行为的母亲及其两岁的子女将参加一项三波纵向研究，测量时间间隔一年。为了解决文献中早期的方法局限性（例如，单一方法偏倚;横截面设计;关注儿童功能的单个领域），我们利用多方法、前瞻性设计来捕获儿童适应的多个水平（例如，症状、能力、神经内分泌功能）。我们的三波项目的目的是增加的权力，以测试我们的变量的时间和概念排序的调解人和主持人模型，并促进绘制的性质和儿童心理健康轨迹的个体差异的相关性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although interpartner violence increases child vulnerability to mental health problems, little is known about the unfolding mediating mechanisms and the potentiating and protective conditions that help shape the multiplicity of pathways underlying associations between domestic violence and child maladjustment, especially in early childhood. To address these gaps, our broad objective is to identify the pathways involved in the link between domestic violence and young children's adaptation within the framework of the emotional security theory. Our specific aims include: (1) examining whether direct exposure to the interpartner relationship and parenting difficulties mediate the link between interpartner violence and child maladjustment; (2) testing the hypothesis that the mediational role of parenting difficulties and exposure to destructive interpartner relations are further explained by child difficulties in preserving their emotional security in the interpartner and parent-child relationships; (3) charting the developmental interplay between child emotional security, resolution of stage-salient tasks, and mental health; and (4) delineating how family characteristics may alter paths between family processes, child emotional security, and child mental health. Two-hundred and fifty mothers, who have experienced a range of violence in relationships with their partners, and their 2-year-old children will participate in a three-wave longitudinal study, with measurement occasions spaced one year apart. To address earlier methodological limitations in the literature (e.g., monomethod bias; cross-sectional design; focus on a single domain of child functioning), we utilize a multi-method, prospective design that captures multiple levels of child adjustment (e.g., symptoms, competence, neuroendocrine functioning). Our three-wave project is designed to increase the power to test the temporal and conceptual ordering of our variables in mediator and moderator models and to facilitate the charting of the nature and correlates of individual differences in trajectories of child mental health.