Interparental Conflict and Parenting in the Context of COVID-19

COVID-19大流行对家庭的健康和福祉产生了历史性影响， 孩子从2020年3月开始，限制病毒传播的努力已经创造了 家庭功能面临前所未有的挑战和压力，包括经济衰退和失业 损失、健康风险、学校关闭和家庭日常生活中断，以及国内 暴力和严厉的养育。尽管有证据表明COVID-19增加了 父母间的敌意和父母-孩子的困难，很少有人知道的持久影响， COVID-19对家庭的影响，特别是它如何影响家庭的程度和性质， 族关系或子系统之间的相互依赖关系， 功能立足于家庭系统和溢出效应的丰富理论概念 过程，这个时间敏感的应用程序旨在探索如何家庭外的扰动 与COVID-19相关的改变了父母之间的敌意和不和谐之间的联系， 严厉惩罚的父母此应用程序基于现有数据集构建（第1阶段，N = 235 家庭），这是收集了超过三年的时间之前，发病的 我们建议在COVID-19爆发后再收集三波数据。 这种应用的优势在于利用了准实验设计， 建立新冠肺炎前家庭功能基线，以及两个阶段（共六波） 将采用多方法、多指标、多层次的纵向设计进行生态评价 情境、家庭动态、父母和孩子的特征以及养育行为。本研究 将阐明COVID-19如何影响溢出过程，并可能对 家庭功能和推进新的过程为导向的方法，以了解如何 COVID-19通过父母的中介机制调节溢出过程 神经生物学和认知自我调节。此外，本申请将确定 先前存在的个人或生态因素以及与COVID-19相关的家庭变化 在外溢过程中发挥风险或保护因素的作用。本次申请的结果 将对理解COVID-19对家庭的影响产生重大影响 发挥作用，并有很大的潜力来产生关于循证目标的知识， 预防方案。

The COVID-19 pandemic has historic implications on the health and wellbeing of families and children. Starting in March of 2020, efforts to limit the spread of the virus has created unprecedented challenges and stress to family functioning, including economic declines and job loss, health risks, school closures and disruption to family routines, and increased domestic violence and harsh parenting. Despite evidence indicating that COVID-19 increases rates of interparental hostility and parent-child difficulties, little is known about the lasting effect of COVID-19 on families, particularly how it may modulate the degree and nature of the interdependencies between family relationships or subsystems in ways that modify family functioning. Grounded in the theoretically rich conceptualizations of family systems and spillover processes, this time-sensitive application seeks to explore how the extra-familial perturbations associated with COVID-19 modify associations between interparental hostility and discord and harsh, punitive parenting. This application builds on an existing dataset (Phase 1, N = 235 families) that was collected over a three-year period immediately prior to the onset of the pandemic, and we propose to collect three additional waves of data post-onset of COVID-19. The strength of this application involves the utilization of a quasi-experiment design with the establishment of pre-COVID-baseline for family functioning, and both phases (six waves in total) will utilize multi-method, multi-informant, and multi-level longitudinal design to assess ecological contexts, family dynamics, parent and child characteristics, and parenting behaviors. This study will elucidate how COVID-19 impacts spillover processes and may have enduring effects on family functioning and advance new process-oriented approaches to understanding how COVID-19 modulated spillover processes through mediating mechanism of parental neurobiological and cognitive self-regulation. Furthermore, the present application will identify the preexisting individual or ecological factors as well as COVID-19 related changes in family functioning as risk or protective factors in the spillover processes. The results of this application will have significant implications for understanding the ramifications of COVID-19 on family functioning and have high potential to generate knowledge on targets for evidence-based prevention programs.