Pharmaceutical Pollution in Agriculture: Impacts and risks for soil health and crop production

在全球范围内，大量药物用于人类和动物治疗。污水灌溉和生物固体肥料使用的增加，将增加农业土壤对药物的接触。它们在土壤中的存在可能对土壤、微生物和作物功能造成一系列影响，但证据仅限于一小部分药物。因此，我们迫切需要了解人类和兽医废物使药物长期、低水平接触农业土壤的意外影响，以便为环境风险评估、土地管理做法及其在适应和减缓气候变化方面的作用提供信息。

Large amounts of pharmaceuticals are used globally for human and animal treatment. The increase in use of effluent for irrigation and bio solids for fertiliser application, will enhance exposure of agricultural soils to pharmaceuticals. Their presence in soils may cause a range of effects in soil, microbial and crop functioning, but evidence is limited to a small proportion of the pharmaceuticals. We therefore urgently need to know the unintended implications of the chronic, low-level exposure of pharmaceuticals introduced to agricultural soils by human and veterinary waste to inform environmental risk assessment, land management practices and their role in climate change adaptation and mitigation.