Tailored Interventions to Prevent Substance Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：根据Trans-NIHPA-04-121（理解儿童和青少年健康风险行为改变机制）的要求，本提案提交给NIDA。本项目旨在实现项目公告（PA）的两个主要目标：(1)加强对健康风险行为的演变、预防和终止的理解；(2)制定有效的预防和干预策略，旨在维持健康行为，预防药物滥用等健康风险行为。这项研究的首要目标是通过使用创新的互动干预措施来预防青少年早期的物质使用，这些干预措施是根据每个人使用香烟和酒精的特定风险状况量身定制的。跨年龄组（小学、初中和高中）、人口（美国、英国和以色列）和物质（烟草、酒精和其他药物）的研究一致地确定了四类不同药物使用风险的非使用者：(1)最受保护的药物使用；(2)使用物质的高风险；(3)对不吸毒感到矛盾；(4)否认药物使用风险。这些资料显示了内部和外部的有效性以及预测未来药物使用的良好能力，因此为制定新的预防办法提供了机会。这些简介将作为设计两种创新的基于计算机的干预措施的基础，以防止青少年滥用药物。两种新的量身定制的干预措施（预防吸烟和预防酒精）将在一项2（组；治疗与对照）× 4（场合；0、12、24和36个月）学校临床试验中开发和测试。对照组将接受两项先前开发和测试的量身定制的健康行为干预措施（饮食和防晒）。具体目的是：(1)证明早期青少年（六年级）接受基于个人资料的量身定制的吸烟干预比对照组更有可能保持不吸烟；(2)证明接受基于个人情况的量身定制的酒精使用干预措施的早期青少年比对照组更有可能保持不饮酒；(3)作为比较条件的一部分，重复研究结果，即量身定制的饮食和阳光照射干预将有效减少这两种高风险行为。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is submitted to NIDA in response to the Trans-NIHPA-04-121 (Understanding Mechanisms of Health Risk Behavior Change in Children and Adolescents. This proposal addresses the two primary goals of the Program Announcement (PA): (1) To enhance the understanding of the evolution, prevention and termination of health risk behaviors and (2) The development of effective prevention and intervention strategies designed to maintain healthy behaviors and prevent health risk behaviors, like substance abuse. The overarching objective of this research is to prevent substance use in early adolescents through the use of innovative interactive interventions tailored to each individual's particular risk profile for using cigarettes and alcohol. Research across age groups (elementary, middle and high school), populations (U.S., U.K., and Israel), and substances (tobacco, alcohol and other drugs) has consistently identified four clusters of non-users who vary in their risks for substance use: (1) Most Protected from substance use; (2) High Risk to use substances; (3) Ambivalent about staying substance free; and (4) Risk Denial about substance use. These profiles have demonstrated both internal and external validity as well as good ability to predict future substance use and, therefore, provide an opportunity to develop a new approach to prevention. These profiles will be employed as the basis for designing two innovative computer-based interventions to prevent substance abuse by adolescents. The two new tailored interventions (smoking prevention and alcohol prevention) will be developed and tested in a 2 (Group; treatment vs. Comparison) X 4 (Occasions; 0, 12, 24, and 36 months) school-based clinical trial. The comparison group will receive two previously developed and tested tailored health behavior interventions (diet and sun protection). The specific aims are: (1) To demonstrate that early adolescents (6th Grade) receiving profile-based tailored interventions for smoking are significantly more likely to remain free from smoking than a comparison group; (2) To demonstrate that early adolescents receiving profile-based tailored interventions for alcohol use are significantly more likely to remain free from alcohol than a comparison group; and (3) To replicate findings that the tailored diet and sun exposure interventions will be effective in reducing these two high risk behaviors as part of the comparison condition.