Hispanics, built environment & metabolic syndrome

描述（由申请人提供）：在一项前瞻性纵向研究中，假设建筑环境的可步行性将影响社会环境的集体效能，并且这些环境变量将共同影响身体活动。控制饮食、体力活动被认为可以预测肥胖、炎症和胰岛素抵抗;而这些反过来又可以预测代谢综合征指标的进展。虽然这些关系已被单独测试，本申请提出了一个综合的和跨学科的测试这些变量之间的关系。西班牙裔移民被选中进行这项研究，因为西班牙裔人的糖尿病发病率不成比例地高。此外，对于最近的移民来说，在美国，体重随着时间的推移而迅速增加。该研究提出探索文化变化的轨迹-及其对饮食和身体活动的影响-作为一种机制，“在美国的时间”可能会给这一人群带来有害的健康结果。提出了一个样本，是唯一适合调查这一现象在西班牙裔，以及建筑环境对身体活动和健康结果的影响：古巴移民在90天内抵达美国。这个样本部分地解决了自我选择偏见，这是大多数建筑环境研究的特征，因为，当这些人到达迈阿密戴德县时，他们通常会搬到一个不是他们选择的社区。因此，一个理想的自然实验发生，其中一个幼稚的样本有关的非步行环境分布在各种步行条件。参与者将是390名30-45岁的新移民，他们不符合代谢综合征的标准。建筑环境的可步行性将通过自我报告进行评估，并客观地使用参与者住所周围0.25英里的半径。将对参与者进行自我报告的集体效能、身体活动、饮食和双文化测量，以及身体活动、肥胖、炎症、胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征指标的客观测量。主要分析中的变量将连续分布。将使用Mplus 3在结构方程框架中使用生长曲线方法估计生长曲线。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In a prospective longitudinal study, it is hypothesized that the built environment's walkability will impact the social environment's collective efficacy, and that these environmental variables together will influence physical activity. Controlling for diet, physical activity is hypothesized to predict adiposity, inflammation, and insulin resistance; and these in turn will predict progression in metabolic syndrome indicators. While these relationships have been tested separately, this application proposes an integrated and interdisciplinary test of the relationship among these variables. Hispanic immigrants are selected for this study because Hispanics have disproportionately high rates of diabetes. Moreover, for very recent immigrants, weight increases rapidly as a function of time in the US. The study proposes to explore trajectories of cultural change - and their impact on diet and physical activity - as a mechanism by which 'time in the US' may bring about its deleterious health outcome for this population. A sample is proposed that is uniquely suited to investigate this phenomenon in Hispanics, as well as the impact of the built environment on physical activity and health outcomes: Cuban immigrants within 90 days of arrival to the US. This sample addresses in part the self- selection bias that characterizes most built environment studies, because, when these individuals arrive in Miami-Dade County, they typically move to a neighborhood not of their choosing. Therefore, an ideal natural experiment occurs in which a naive sample in relation to non-walkable environments is distributed across a variety of walkability conditions. Participants will be 390, 30-45 year-old recent immigrants who do not meet criteria for metabolic syndrome. Built environment's walkability will be assessed through self-reports, and objectively using the .25 mile radius surrounding the participant's residence. Participants will be assessed on self-reported measures of collective efficacy, physical activity, diet, and biculturation, and objective measures of physical activity, adiposity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome indicators. Variables in the primary analyses will be continuously distributed. Growth curves will be estimated using growth curve methodology in a structural equations framework using Mplus 3.