Spatial Dynamics of Neighborhood Effects

描述（由申请人提供）：此修订后的申请描述了一项研究计划，旨在调查额外的本地环境条件的影响，周围的社区居民区的特点，对青少年和年轻的成年人的行为。虽然近年来关于“邻里效应”的社会科学文献急剧增加，但几乎所有这类研究都将邻里视为孤立的岛屿，完全脱离了更广泛的生态背景。该项目的主要目标是研究地理邻近社区的社会经济条件如何补充和调节居住社区的条件，以影响青少年和年轻人生活过程中的关键事件，包括辍学，向婚姻过渡和婚前生育。特别注意的是，额外的本地条件的能力，以解释这些行为的明显的种族和民族差异（集中贫困的理论争辩）和变异的影响，额外的本地条件的年龄，性别，种族和民族，社会阶层（如建议的生命历程和城市生态的观点）。该项目将创新的数据收集技术和空间数据分析方法应用于收入动态小组研究中超过30年的个人和家庭层面数据，以及来自四次十年一度的美国人口普查的社区层面数据。该分析将估计事件历史模型，包括空间滞后的外生变量，以捕捉在地理上邻近的社区的社会经济和人口特征对青少年和年轻成人的教育和家庭形成行为的影响。与公共卫生的相关性：众所周知，邻里条件会影响公共卫生的许多方面，并部分解释健康行为和健康结果的种族和民族差异。因此，更多地了解这些影响的性质和运作是一个重要的科学和公共卫生目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This revised application describes a program of research designed to investigate the effects of extra-local contextual conditions-characteristics of communities surrounding the neighborhood of residence-on adolescent and young adult behavior. While the social scientific literature on "neighborhood effects" has grown dramatically over recent years, virtually all studies in this genre have treated neighborhoods as isolated islands, entirely divorced from their broader ecological context. The primary objective of this project is to examine how socioeconomic conditions in geographically-proximate neighborhoods complement and moderate conditions in the neighborhood of residence to influence key events in the adolescent and young adult life course, including dropping out of school, the transition to marriage, and premarital childbearing. Particular attention is given to the ability of extra-local conditions to explain pronounced racial and ethnic differences in these behaviors (as theories of concentrated poverty contend) and variability in the impact of extra-local conditions by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and social class (as suggested by life-course and urban-ecological perspectives). The project applies innovative data-gathering techniques and methods for spatial data analysis to over thirty years of individual- and family-level data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, in conjunction with neighborhood-level data drawn from four decennial U.S. censuses. The analysis will estimate event-history models that include spatially-lagged exogenous variables to capture the influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in geographically-proximal neighborhoods on adolescent and young adult educational and family formation behavior. Relevance to public health: Neighborhood conditions are known to affect many dimensions of public health, and to partly explain racial and ethnic differences in health behaviors and health outcomes. Consequently, understanding more about the nature and operation of these effects is an important scientific and public health objective.