Micro-Spectroscopy for Cytological Screening, and Staging of Disease

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目的是开发新方法，以帮助经典细胞学和病理学检测和诊断疾病。在经典细胞学中，目视检查用于检测从体液或通过剥落或细针活检获得的细胞形态变化，而在经典病理学中，染色组织切片是目视检查。PI实验室正在开发的新方法，称为光谱细胞学和光谱病理学，基于光学测量，定量检测细胞生化成分的变化，并使用客观算法来量化疾病的光谱结果。这些诊断算法使用光谱数据和经典细胞学/病理学之间的相关性作为金标准进行训练。在Pi实验室进行的努力以及来自世界各地其他小组的结果表明，光谱细胞学是检测细胞特性变化的非常敏感的方法。例如，单细胞水平的光谱细胞学可用于区分正常上皮细胞与癌性上皮细胞、正常淋巴细胞与淋巴瘤细胞、甚至彼此密切相关的正常细胞（例如B-和T-淋巴细胞、活化和非活化淋巴细胞）。 相关性：PI实验室正在开发的光学诊断方法将增强目前可用的细胞学和病理学方法，以筛选脱落细胞的疾病，并诊断来自活检组织切片的相同疾病。光学方法完全基于机器和计算机解释，因此减少了诊断实验室的工作量，提高了整体准确性，并减少了进行医学诊断所需的时间。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of the proposed research is the development of new methodology to aid classical cytology and pathology in the detection and diagnosis of disease. In classical cytology, visual inspection is used to detect changes in the morphology of cells obtained from body fluids, or by exfoliation or thin needle biopsy, while in classical pathology stained tissue sections are examined visually. The novel methods being developed in the PI's laboratory, referred to as spectral cytology and spectral pathology, are based on optical measurements, which detect variations in biochemical composition of cells quantitatively, and which use objective algorithms to quantify the spectral results in terms of disease. These diagnostic algorithms are trained using the correlation between spectral data and classical cytology/pathology as the gold standard. The efforts carried out in the Pi's laboratory, and results from other groups worldwide, have demonstrated that spectral cytology is an extraordinarily sensitive method for detecting variations in cellular properties. For example, spectral cytology at the single cell level can be used to distinguish normal from cancerous epithelial cells, normal lymphocytes from lymphoma cells, and even closely related normal cells from each other (e.g. B- and T-lymphocytes, activated and non-activated lymphocytes). Relevance: The methods of optical diagnoses being developed in the PI's laboratory will augment presently available methods of cytology and pathology to screen exfoliated cells for disease, and diagnose tissue sections from biopsies for the same diseases. The optical methods are entirely machine-based and computer-interpreted and thus, reduce the workload in diagnostic laboratories, increase the overall accuracy and decrease the time required to render medical diagnoses.