Charlemagne and Rome: the Epitaph of Pope Hadrian I

哈德良的墓志铭是加洛林文艺复兴的杰作，今天保存在罗马梵蒂冈圣彼得教堂的门廊上。它是由查理曼大帝委托举行的，以纪念于795年圣诞节去世的教皇哈德良，体现了加洛林对古典金石学和诗歌形式的掌握，以及加洛林文艺复兴的美学创新。没有其他像它一样的东西从查理曼大帝时代幸存下来，但由于其交通不便，它从未得到过如此明显值得的现代分析。因为它与查理曼大帝和它的技术辉煌有关，墓志铭被后来的中世纪罗马游客和人文主义学者广泛讨论；铭文文本在宗教改革之前被多次复制，并被包括在几个中世纪罗马朝圣者的行程中。它的名声如此之大，以至于它是从旧的四世纪君士坦丁大教堂中保存下来并在布拉曼特和米开朗基罗的16世纪新教堂中重新展示的为数不多的纪念碑之一。因此，教皇哈德良的墓志铭是具有重大文化和艺术历史意义的人工制品，本身就值得详细研究。然而，该项目建议在更广泛的社会政治背景下对墓志铭进行研究，其中对该物品及其制造背景的考古检查为重新评估八世纪末弗朗西亚的文化和政治动态提供了证据。墓志铭是一个镜头，可以通过它来展示查理曼宫廷文化的活力及其与意大利的联系，无论是过去还是现在。这本书的结果将认为，教皇哈德良的墓志铭应该被视为查理曼帝国野心的物质表达，它可以被重新解释为理解他在800年圣诞节在罗马加冕为皇帝的来源。

Hadrian's Epitaph is a masterpiece of the Carolingian Renaissance that survives today high up in the portico of the church of St. Peter in the Vatican, Rome. It was commissioned by Charlemagne to commemorate Pope Hadrian who died at Christmas 795, and embodies the Carolingian mastery of classical epigraphic and poetic forms as well as the aesthetic innovations of the Carolingian Renaissance. Nothing else like it survives from the age of Charlemagne, but because of its inaccessible location it has never received the modern analysis that it so clearly merits. Because of its association with Charlemagne and its technical brilliance, the Epitaph was widely discussed by later medieval visitors to Rome and humanist scholars; the text of the inscription was copied many times before the Reformation and was included in several medieval pilgrim itineraries of Rome. Its fame was such that it is one of very few monuments to have been preserved from the old, fourth-century Constantinian basilica and re-displayed in Bramante's and Michelangelo's new sixteenth-century church.Pope Hadrian's Epitaph is thus an artefact of major cultural and art-historical significance that is worthy of detailed study in its own right. This project, however, proposes a study of the Epitaph in a much broader socio-political context, in which the archaeological examination of the object and its context of manufacture provide the evidence for a re-evaluation of the cultural and political dynamics of Francia in the late eighth century. The Epitaph is a lens through which the vibrancy of Charlemagne's court culture and its connections to Italy, past and present, can be brought into focus. The book that results will argue that the Epitaph of Pope Hadrian should be seen as a material expression of Charlemagne's imperial ambitions, and that it can be reinterpreted as a source for understanding his coronation as Emperor in Rome on Christmas Day 800.