CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, SLEEP RESTRICTION AND METABOLIC AGING

对于年轻人和老年人来说，睡眠不足都是一个主要的健康和安全问题。全国民调 研究表明，在18-84岁的成年人中，超过四分之一的人每晚睡眠时间经常少于7小时。 15%的人报告每晚睡眠时间少于6小时。与警觉性和操作能力相关的缺陷 睡眠不足会导致更大的车祸、家庭和工作事故风险，以及 昏昏欲睡的人的工作中的错误。睡眠不足也会对生活质量产生负面影响， 对易怒、情绪和动力有影响。有来自急性睡眠剥夺研究的证据表明 老年人对睡眠不足的反应可能与年轻人不同，但研究比较了 老年人和年轻人的长期睡眠限制尚未进行。 在这里，我们建议调查4周慢性白天睡眠不足的后果。 老年人(55-70岁)和年轻人(18-30岁)的警觉性和表现。受试者将被安排睡眠和 相当于在强制去同步协议中每24小时5小时，以便我们可以调查 昼夜节律和清醒对4周睡眠的警觉性和表现的影响 限制。我们将使用主观和客观的方法来评估每一个清醒的场景的警觉性， 受试者每天执行一系列任务数次，以衡量睡眠的后果 对认知吞吐量、持续注意力、反应时间、动机、情绪和短期的限制 记忆。我们的研究设计将允许我们独立评估一天中的时间(昼夜节律阶段)的影响。 和先前清醒的持续时间，以及它们之间的相互作用，关于白天警觉和 在睡眠限制条件下的表现超过4周。 这项研究的结果对于理解慢性疾病的后果具有重要的意义 老年人睡眠不足。大多数成年人经常无法获得充足的睡眠，但很少有研究做到这一点 试图量化中老年人长期睡眠不足的后果。 睡眠不足会对健康、安全和生活质量产生重要影响。了解如何使用 健康老年人的警觉性、表现和记忆力对睡眠不足的反应将提供依据 用于未来的研究，以及在我们变老时保持健康和福祉的建议和建议。

Insufficient sleep is a major health and safety problem for young and older adults alike. National polls indicate that more than a quarter of adults 18-84 years of age regularly sleep less than 7 h per night, with 15% reporting sleeping less than 6 h per night. The deficits in alertness and performance ability associated with insufficient sleep can lead to greater risk for automobile accidents, home and workplace accidents, and on-the-job errors in sleepy individuals. Insufficient sleep can also have a negative effect on the quality of life, with impacts on irritability, mood, and motivation. There is evidence from acute sleep deprivation studies that older adults may respond differently to sleep loss than young adults, but studies comparing the response to chronic sleep restriction in older and young adults have not yet been conducted. Here, we propose to investigate the consequences of 4 weeks of chronic insufficient sleep on daytime alertness and performance in older (55-70) and young (18-30) adults. Subjects will be scheduled to sleep an equivalent of 5 h per 24 h in a forced desynchrony protocol, in order that we can investigate both the circadian and wake-dependent contributions to alertness and performance across the 4 weeks of sleep restriction. We will use subjective and objective measures to assess alertness across each waking episode, and subjects will perform a battery of tasks several times per day to measure the consequences of sleep restriction on cognitive throughput, sustained attention, reaction time, motivation, mood and short-term memory. Our study design will allow us to assess independently the impact of time-of-day (circadian phase) and duration of prior wakefulness, as well as their interactions, on measures of daytime alertness and performance under conditions of sleep restriction across 4 weeks. Results from this study have important implications for understanding the consequences of chronic insufficient sleep in older adults. Most adults regularly fail to get sufficient sleep, but few studies have attempted to quantify the consequences of chronic insufficient sleep in middle-aged and older people. Insufficient sleep can have important effects on health, safety, and quality of life. Knowledge of how the alertness, performance, and memory of healthy older people respond to insufficient sleep will provide a basis for future research and for advice and recommendations for maintaining health and well-being as we age.