Language Policy on Corsica: the State, the activists and the islanders

地中海的科西嘉岛自革命前二十年以来一直是法国的一部分，尽管它融入民族国家的问题一直存在，尤其是在语言上。本研究项目将以旧制度的自由放任态度和大革命带来的巨大变化为出发点，概述19世纪和20世纪的主要语言政策。这项研究项目将导致出版一本关于科西嘉语言政策的专著，其中将具体审查教育在语言政策中的作用。对国家语言规划的反应可追溯到1960年代以来岛上种族民族主义的兴起，将加以追查，并将调查国家与活动分子之间的共生关系。最后，使用社会语言学家在20世纪下半叶开发的语言态度方法，将绘制岛民横截面的反应，特别关注这个世纪之交进入21世纪。采用时间顺序的方法，该研究将利用作者于1999年、2000年、2003年和2005年在岛上进行的关于法国语言政策和原始社会语言学研究的丰富材料，从而允许对不断变化的语言态度进行研究。这项研究将参考最近关于语言规划的理论工作和与正在出版的具体个案研究有关的工作，以及过去几十年来社会语言学的趋势，这些趋势将语言规划纳入对接触语言、语言过时和语言死亡的调查。这本书对这一领域作出了贡献，它把重点放在欧洲中心一个被忽视的例子上，这个国家以其指导性和干预主义的语言政策而闻名。鉴于缺乏对科西嘉人待遇的调查，本书将把这个案例研究引起活跃在其他语言学科的学者的注意。该专著一旦出版，将成为社会语言学相关领域的研究人员、大学教师和学生的案例研究。本书将分为以下几章：第1章-这一章将对比旧政权的语言政策与革命后的语言政策，突出具体的科西嘉人的观点。将提供19世纪法语语言政策的历史概述。第2章-论点的下一阶段将集中在二十世纪，注意到语言活动家对国家在语言政策中的至高无上地位的挑战。第三章-以下部分将集中讨论语言活动家的兴起，并指出语言活动家如何操纵自己进入影响岛上语言政策的位置。第4章- -这一章将审议二十世纪末以及由于成立了区域大会而在科西嘉发生的根本行政变化。第五章-最后一章将特别调查当代岛民的语言态度，通过四个社会语言学调查来阐述。这些调查旨在衡量岛民对语言问题的理解，并探讨他们对语言政策趋势的态度。事后处理和结论- -这将把语言政策的三个方面结合起来，对科西嘉人的立场和地位作出评估。这本书将包括一个无中生有的参考书目，对于那些在法国框架内从事语言政策工作的人，以及社会语言学家、语言规划师和感兴趣的学者来说，这将是一个有用的研究工具。

The Mediterranean island of Corsica has been part of France since twenty years before the Revolution, although its integration into the nation State has been troubled, not least linguistically. This research project will take as its starting point the laissez-faire attitude of the Ancien Regime and the seismic shift in the light of the Revolution, outlining the key language policies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The research project will result in the publication of a monograph on language policy on Corsica in which there will be a specific examination of the role of education within language policy. The response to State language planning, dating back to a rise in ethno-nationalism on the island from the 1960s onwards, will be traced and the symbiosis between the State and the activists will be investigated. Finally, using language attitude methodologies developed by sociolinguists over the second half of the twentieth century, the reactions of a cross-section of islanders will be charted, focusing in particular on this turn of the century into the twenty-first century. Taking a chronological approach, the research will draw on the wealth of material on French language policy and original sociolinguistics research undertaken by the author on the island in 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2005, thereby permitting a study of changing language attitudes. This research will be informed by recent work on language planning, both theoretical and relating to the specific case studies that are being published, as well as by trends in sociolinguistics over the past decades which have included language planning in investigations of languages in contact, language obsolescence and language death. The volume offers a contribution to the field in focusing on an overlooked example at the centre of Europe within a State renowned for its directive and interventionist language policy. Given this lack of investigation into the treatment of Corsican, this book will bring this case study to the attention of scholars active in other language disciplines. Once published, the monograph, will serve as a case study for researchers, university teachers and students working within fields related to sociolinguistics. The book will be divided into the following chapters: Chapter 1 - this chapter will contrast the language policy of the Ancien Regime with post-Revolution language policies, highlighting the specific Corsican perspective. An historical overview of the nineteenth century French language policy will be provided. Chapter 2- the next stage in the argument will focus on the twentieth century, noting the challenge to the State's supremacy in language policy by language activists. Chapter 3- the following section will concentrate on the rise of the language activists noting how the language activists maneuvered themselves into a position to influence language policy on the island. Chapter 4- this chapter will consider the end of the twentieth century and the fundamental administrative changes taking place on Corsica, given the founding of the Regional Assembly. Chapter 5- the final chapter will investigate in particular the language attitudes of contemporary islanders as articulated through the four sociolinguistic surveys. The surveys seek to gauge the islanders' understanding of linguistic questions and to probe their attitudes to the trends in language policy. Post face and conclusion- this will draw together the three strands of language policy to provide an assessment of the position and status of Corsican. The book will include a bibliography established ex nihilo, which will be a useful research tool in its own right for those working on language policy within a French framework, and for sociolinguists, language planners and interested scholars.