Bioterrorism Studies

REB进行的大多数剂量学工作都直接或间接地应用于评估涉及辐射的生物恐怖主义事件的辐射剂量。对剂量的准确评估可以对长期癌症风险作出准确的预测。自2005年以来，REB的许多生物恐怖主义研究都是根据NIAID和NCI之间的机构间协议资助的。以下是已完成的和正在进行的与生物恐怖主义有关的REB活动的例子。核武器试验产生的放射性落尘关于核武器试验产生的放射性落尘的研究，已完成的研究包括：1。编制基于网络的计算器，用于估算个体辐射剂量和碘-131的甲状腺癌风险；和2。编写一份国会授权的关于所有核武器试验暴露的可行性研究报告。正在进行的研究是：1。制定评估在塞米巴拉金斯克进行的核试验的辐射剂量的联合方法2。收集有关居住历史、食品消费率和农业实践的数据，这些数据将用于联合方法。根据国会的授权，对在马绍尔群岛进行的核试验的剂量和风险进行评估；和4。将放射性尘埃发表的报告存档，并将与放射性尘埃有关的历史辐射监测数据以电子形式输入。关于评估实际或假想的辐射事故的后果，已经完成了一项关于为未受辐射的人建立稳定染色体畸变数据库的研究，以便在核事件发生后将轻度受辐射的人和基线水平受辐射的人区分开来。继续或新的研究包括：受切尔诺贝利事故影响的人们对辐射剂量的估计。核事件后外部照射的个体剂量的快速评估；和3。对切尔诺贝利事故后采取的对策的组织、实施和效果的评价。新方法的开发关于新方法的开发，完成的活动包括：1。利用光激发发光和电子顺磁共振技术改进生物剂量测定程序或仪器的发展。通过生物剂量测量确证分析剂量学估计；和3。评估健康人和甲状腺疾病患者单位摄入碘-131的剂量。4. 将放射性尘埃发表的报告存档，并将与放射性尘埃有关的历史辐射监测数据以电子形式输入。培训和沟通许多研究或活动也致力于培训和沟通。完成的活动包括：1。在卫生物理学会2004年年会上和2006年7月的biodosep专题讨论会上组织了关于辐射剂量学的特别会议；和2。编写《辐射研究》特刊，描述剂量学方法如何应用于评估医疗、职业和环境辐射剂量。正在进行的活动包括：参加国际机构的方案，例如国际原子能机构、国际辐射防护委员会和联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会对剂量评估的方案。参与编写国家辐射防护和测量委员会关于剂量追溯重建的报告；和3。为参与减轻核事件的人员组织辐射科学培训。

Most of the dosimetry work that is carried out at REB has direct or indirect applications to the assessment of radiation doses from bioterrorism events involving radiation. Accurate assessment of doses permits accurate projections of long-term cancer risks to be made. Since 2005, many of the bioterrorism studies at REB are funded under an Inter-Agency Agreement between NIAID and NCI. Examples of completed and continuing REB activities relevant of bioterrorism follow. Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Test With regard to the studies of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons test, the completed studies include: 1. The preparation of a web-based calculator for estimating individual radiation dose and thyroid cancer risk from I-131; and 2. The preparation of a report of a Congressionally-mandated feasibility study on exposure from all nuclear weapons tests. The continuing studies are: 1. The development of a joint methodology for assessment of radiation doses from nuclear tests conducted at Semipalatinsk 2. The acquisition of data on residential history, foodstuff consumption rates, and agricultural practices to be used in the joint methodology 3. As mandated by Congress, the assessment of doses and risks from nuclear tests conducted in the Marshall Islands; and 4. Archiving fallout published reports and putting into electronic form historical radiation monitoring data related to fallout. Evaluation of Consequences of Radiation Accidents With respect to the evaluation of the consequences of actual or hypothetical radiation accidents, a study was completed on the development of a database of stable chromosome aberrations for unexposed people, in order to separate, after a nuclear event, the persons who were mildly exposed from those with a baseline level. Continuing or new studies include: 1. The estimation of radiation doses by people affected by the Chernobyl accident 2. The rapid assessment of individual doses from external irradiation following a nuclear event; and 3. The evaluation of the organization, implementation, and efficacy of the countermeasures used after the Chernobyl accident. Development of New Methods Regarding the development of new methods, completed activities include: 1. The development of improved bio dosimetry procedures or instrumentation making use of optically-stimulated luminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance 2. Corroboration of analytical dosimetry estimates via biodosimetry measurements; and 3. The assessment of doses per unit intake of I-131 for healthy people and for people suffering from thyroid diseases. 4. Archiving fallout published reports and putting into electronic form historical radiation monitoring data related to fallout. Training and Communication A number of studies or activities are also devoted to training and communication. Completed activities include: 1. The organization of special sessions on radiation dosimetry at the 2004 annual meeting of the Health Physics Society and at the BioDosEPR Symposium in July 2006; and 2. The preparation of a special issue of Radiation Research describing how dosimetry methods are applied in the assessment of medical, occupational, and environmental radiation doses. Continuing activities include: 1. Participation in programs of international agencies, e.g., the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Commission on Radiological Protection, and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation on the assessment of doses 2. Participation in the preparation of reports of the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements on retrospective dose reconstruction; and 3. The organization of training in radiation sciences of personnel involved in the mitigation of nuclear events.