Surrealism and Same-Sex Desire

超现实主义是世纪最有影响力的艺术和文化运动之一。超现实主义的核心是要求解放人类的欲望。这反映在作为超现实主义艺术和诗歌主题的色情上。虽然这个话题的某些方面已经广为人知，但同性欲望的问题在很大程度上被超现实主义学术所忽视。尽管超现实主义领袖安德烈·布雷东不宽容，但相当多的同性恋艺术家和作家被吸引到超现实主义运动中。这在英国、美国、西班牙、澳大利亚和其他超现实主义在20世纪30年代扎根的国家尤其如此。在这些地方，超现实主义被那些性取向不符合异性恋规范的人视为同情的避风港。这个为期三年的项目将调查法国超现实主义的各个方面，重点关注超现实主义者对同性欲望的问题状态，并将其与美国，英国和澳大利亚的超现实主义接受案例研究进行比较。该项目的方法论将借鉴酷儿理论发展的概念，酷儿理论提出了一种与超现实主义研究中占主导地位的女权主义方法截然不同的对性的理解。我们的期望是，对超现实主义作为一个整体的新观点将从该项目中出现。一个后果很可能是挑战一种流行的观点，即其他国家只生产了对更激进的法国超现实主义的淡化模仿。该项目将由曼彻斯特大学和埃塞克斯大学以及泰特美术馆合作的超现实主义及其遗产研究中心（Centre for Studies of Surrealism and its Legacies）进行，该中心在创新研究方面的声誉为超现实主义研究提供了动力和方向。大卫洛马斯和黎明Ades，首席研究员和该项目的合作研究员，是超现实主义的权威。他们将加入乔纳森卡茨，艺术史学家和领先的美国学者在酷儿研究领域。一名博士后研究助理将在研究的主要领域之一进行独立的研究项目。目标之一将是激发研究英国超现实主义的新方法。博士生将使学生能够在泰特美术馆从事杰出的超现实主义收藏和档案工作。两个国际会议，一个在美国，一个在英国，和三个重点研讨会，将促进学者之间的对话。整合艺术史学家、文学专家、酷儿理论家和同性恋史学家的不同学科视角，对于全面把握这一主题至关重要。该项目将产生个人专著和联合编辑出版物。该中心的在线期刊《超现实主义论文》将刊登我们学术活动中的访谈、翻译和文章。由Ades和Lomas共同策划的展览将探讨超现实主义艺术、摄影和电影中的水仙主题。此次展览将首次汇集有关萨尔瓦多·达利的《水仙的变形》（1937）的文件和预备研究，这是泰特收藏的主要作品。水仙神话将同性恋与超现实主义者对欲望、身份和形象的关注紧密地联系在一起。展览和目录将是我们传播计划的关键。该中心网站上的一个专门介绍该项目的网页将公布最新研究情况以及该主题领域的档案和资源汇编。关于超现实主义和同性性行为的编辑卷将既是当前研究的总结，也是该领域未来学术工作不可或缺的参考。

Surrealism is one of the most influential artistic and cultural movements of the twentieth century. At the core of surrealism was a claim to emancipate human desire. This was reflected in the prominence given to eroticism as a theme in surrealist art and poetry. While certain aspects of this topic have been well-aired, the issue of same-sex desire has been largely neglected by surrealist scholarship. Despite the intolerance of the surrealist leader, André Breton, a considerable number of gay and lesbian artists and writers were attracted to the surrealist movement. This was particularly the case in England, the USA, Spain, Australia, and other countries where surrealism took root in the 1930s. In these locations, surrealism was viewed as a sympathetic haven by individuals whose sexuality did not conform to a heterosexual norm. This three year project will investigate aspects of surrealism in France, focussing on the problematic status of same-sex desire for the surrealists, comparing the situation there with case studies of surrealist reception in the US, the UK and Australia. The project methodology will draw upon concepts developed by queer theory which proposes a very different understanding of sexuality from the feminist approaches that have tended to predominate in surrealist studies. Our expectation is that new perspectives on surrealism as a whole will emerge from the project. One consequence may well be to challenge a prevalent view that other countries produced only watered down imitations of a more radical French surrealism.The project will be conducted by the Centre for Studies of Surrealism and its Legacies, a partnership between the universities of Manchester and Essex, and Tate, building upon the Centre's reputation for innovative research that has given impetus and direction to surrealist studies. David Lomas and Dawn Ades, Principal Investigator and Co-Investigator on the project, are authorities on surrealism. They will be joined by Jonathan Katz, an art historian and leading US scholar in the field of queer studies. A postdoctoral research associate will carry through an independent research project on one of the main areas of the study. One of the objectives will be to stimulate new approaches to the study of British surrealism. A PhD studentship will enable a student to work on outstanding surrealist collections and archives at Tate. Two international conferences, one in the US and one in the UK, and three more focussed workshops, will foster dialogue between scholars. Integrating the different disciplinary perspectives of art historians, literary specialists, queer theorists and historians of homosexuality is essential for a comprehensive grasp of this subject. The project will result in individual monographs and joint edited publications. The centre's online journal, 'Papers of Surrealism', will publish interviews, translations and articles arising from our academic events. An exhibition co-curated by Ades and Lomas will investigate the narcissus theme in surrealist art, photography and film. The exhibition will bring together for the first time documents and preparatory studies relating to Salvador Dali's 'Metamorphosis of Narcissus' (1937), a major work in Tate's collection. The narcissus myth provocatively links homoeroticism with core surrealist preoccupations with desire, identity and the image. The exhibition and catalogue will be a key to our dissemination plans. A web page dedicated to the project on the Centre's web site will publish research updates and a compilation of archives and resources in the subject area. An edited volume on surrealism and same-sex sexuality will be both a summation of current research and an indispensable reference for future academic work in the field.