Form and Motion Integration

对运动的敏感性具有重要的适应意义。虽然单一单位研究提供了详细的 关于个体皮层区域运动反应动力学的信息和人类功能磁共振成像研究 在多个区域绘制缓慢的血流动力学反应，两种方法都没有提供对 整个运动处理网络的功能动力学。我们开发了基于EEG的源成像 和信号分析工具，我们将使用它们来开发运动处理的预测动力学模型 以大约2 cm或更小的空间分辨率在整个皮层中进行。 我们建议使用刺激来映射负责长距离表观运动的人类皮层区域 和分析程序，类似于那些用于研究方向选择性在单一的单位。目标1 我们将使用EEG源成像和感知测量来比较时空的功能形式， 研究长距离与短距离视运动的相互作用，并绘制它们的生成地点。 第二个实验将改变观察者的任务，以确定自上而下（反馈）的程度。 对明显运动处理的影响。在第三个实验中，一个明显的运动刺激将是 用于比较在感知到明显运动时和未感知到明显运动时的反应。 超越了从初级感觉区域发展到联想的一般原则 区域，很少有人知道任何物种的纹外皮层的发展。因为远程 明显的运动激活皮层区域，这些区域在功能上远离运动处理区域， 枕极，它是一个理想的探头在这些领域的发展。第二个目标将采用最新的技术 EEG源成像的发展，以研究运动反应的外纹状皮层的典型 2到6个月大的人类婴儿。我们将检验一个假设， 运动系统中的时空交互与运动系统中的空间交互相比相对早熟。 形式系统。 当斜视或弱视在早期发育过程中出现时， 当立体视觉丢失时，来自视差和单眼深度线索的深度被破坏。我们建议测试 一种发展假说，认为立体视觉对运动的正常发展起指导作用 对光流敏感的处理机制。这一假设的动机是发现， 斜视者在其正常敏锐度的对侧眼中具有升高的全局运动阈值。一系列 实验将确定1）定时异常是否与感知运动处理相关联 缺陷2）时间缺陷是否与立体视觉缺陷有关，以及3）时间缺陷是否与立体视觉缺陷有关。 异常是特定于正在经历明显运动的刺激，或者它们是否代表了一个更复杂的运动。 时间整合的普遍中断。

Sensitivity to motion is of vital adaptive significance. While single unit studies have provided detailed information on the dynamics of motion responses in individual cortical areas and human fMRI studies have mapped slow hemodynamic responses in multiple areas, neither approach provides an analysis of the functional dynamics of the entire motion processing network. We have developed EEG-based source-imaging and signal analysis tools that we will use to develop a predictive dynamical model of motion processing throughout cortex at a spatial resolution that is on the order of 2 cm or less. We propose to map the human cortical areas responsible for long-range apparent motion, using stimuli and analysis procedures that are analogous to those used to study direction selectivity in single-units. In Aim 1 we will use EEG-source imaging and perceptual measurements to compare the functional form of spatiotemporal interactions underlying long- versus short-range apparent motion and to map their sites of generation. The second experiment will vary the observer¿s task in order to determine the extent of top-down (feedback) influences on apparent motion processing. In a third experiment, a bistable apparent motion stimulus will be used to compare responses during episodes when apparent motion is perceived to when it is not. Beyond the general principle that development proceeds from primary sensory areas to association areas, very little is known about the development of extra-striate cortex in any species. Because long-range apparent motion activates cortical areas that are functionally distant from motion processing areas at the occipital pole, it is an ideal probe of development in these areas. The second Aim will apply recent technical developments in EEG source-imaging to the study of motion responses in the extra-striate cortex of typically developing humans infants between two and six months of age. We will test the hypothesis that long-range spatio-temporal interactions in the motion system is relatively precocious compared to spatial interactions in the form system. When strabismus or amblyopia are present during early development, the normal covariation between depth from disparity and monocular depth cues is broken when stereopsis is lost. We propose to test the developmental hypothesis that stereopsis serves an instructive role for the normal development of motion processing mechanisms sensitive to optic flow. This hypothesis is motivated by the finding that patients with strabismus have elevated thresholds for global motion in their normal acuity fellow eyes. A series of experiments will determine 1) whether timing abnormalities are associated with perceptual motion processing deficits 2) whether timing deficits are associated with deficient stereopsis and 3) whether the timing abnormalities are specific to stimuli that are undergoing apparent motion or whether they represent a more general disruption of temporal integration.